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The Nuffield Foundation A-level Physical Science course was planned as an alternative to sixth-form physics and chemistry. The exercise was initiated in 1965 under the control of the Nuffield Foundation Science Teaching Project and was organised by Dr John E Spice, Senior Chemistry Master at Winchester College. The first meeting of the Physical Sciences Group with physicists and chemists from the trials schools to discuss the content of the course and form of examination was held in March 1966. Members of the Group, who worked part-time, were responsible for planning and writing the course. The course began in sixteen 'trials schools' (Atlantic College; Bletchley Grammar School; Brighton, Hove and Sussex Grammar School; Cardinal Hinsley Grammar School in Bradford; Christ's Hospital; City of London Girls' School; Cleveland Grammar School in Redcar; Dauntsey's School; Dudley High School; Eastbourne Grammer School; Elizabeth College in Guernsey; Gordonstoun School; Marlborough College; Seaford College in Petworth; Watford Grammar School; and Winchester College) in September 1966 and the first candidates were examined in June 1968.

The Nuffield Foundation Science Teaching Project Combined Science Project was intended for children in the 11 to 13 age range, and aimed to be adaptable for use within a range of abilities. The subject matter of the course was based on the material developed by the separate O-Level Nuffield Foundation Science Teaching Projects in biology, chemistry and physics, and was divided into ten sections: the world around us; looking for patterns; how living things begin; air; electricity; water; small things; earth; insects; and energy. The organiser of the project was M J Elwell, guided by the consultative committee under the chairmanship of Professor M Stacey.

The Junior Science Project or Section (also known as Primary Science) of the Nuffield Foundation Science Teaching Project completed its investigation into the teaching of science in the primary school age group in December 1966. Trials of the materials produced from a team of eight workers seconded from schools and colleges had begun in 1965 in schools drawn from twelve pilot areas set up by the Schools Council. In all areas, local authorities agreed to set up teachers' centres and the Schools Council ran introductory courses for teachers, area leaders and administrators. Links were established with the Nuffield Mathematics Teaching Project. The continuation project, sponsored jointly by the Nuffield Foundation and Schools Council, was established to run from 1967 to 1970. The course was designed for children in the 5 to 13 age group. The organiser was E R Wastnedge.

The proposals of a biology panel of 1961 (made up of members of both the Science Masters Association and the Association of Women Science Teachers, later the Association for Science Education) to discuss teaching methods for Biology O-level (BOL) formed the starting point for deliberations of the Biology Section of the Nuffield Foundation Science Teaching Project. As a first step in 1962 a group of teachers was appointed to draft a complete O-level course in biology. The third year was tried out in schools during 1963-1964. During the following year, all five years were tried out. The draft publications were then revised on the basis of teachers' and pupils' criticism. The course organiser was Mr W H Dowdeswell, and the consultative committee consisted of Professor M M Swann, Mr D P Bennett, Mr C D Bingham, Dr J K Brierley, Professor J H Burnett, Professor G E Fogg, Miss M Going, Mr E J Machin, Mr S T S Skillin, and Dr N Tinbergen. Others involved in the compilation and testing of material and writing of books made up the Team Leaders and Area Leaders. The Nuffield Foundation Biology Project was envisaged as a five-year course for pupils between the ages of 11 and 16. The first two years, covering the ages 11 to 13, represented the introductory phase in which the groundwork was laid. The final three years represented the O-level examination. Schools were encouraged to start pupils at Year I or Year III. A Text and Teachers' Guide was produced for each of the five years of the course. Examinations in the Biology O-level were first set in summer 1965 for pupils from trial schools only. Similar examinations were held in 1966 and 1967. For the years following the GCE Examining Boards agreed that a Nuffield O-level paper would be set for all candidates wishing to enter. The Nuffield O-level Biology Continuation related to evaluation of BOL materials, and concentrated on four areas: content analysis; teacher opinion; implementation in schools; and examinations. The analysis included a questionnaire and was carried out in 1970.

The Nuffield Foundation Science Teaching Project (NFSTP) Chemistry O-level Project began in 1962, when a small team was established to prepare and publish materials for a five-year course. The organiser was Mr H F Halliwell, supported by members of the NFSTP headquarters team at Chelsea College, the consultative committee, and area leaders. In 1970 R B Ingle prepared and circulated a detailed questionnaire, sent to some 200 schools which entered pupils for the 1970 GCE examination, identifying areas of the course needing revision.

The Physics Project of the Nuffield Foundation Science Teaching Project was initially designed for pupils between the ages of 11 and 16, and ended with examination at O-level. Work on the project was controlled by the joint organisers, Dr P J Black and J M Ogborn. The first trials of the course began in September 1968 in 24 schools, a total of 500 students. The first trial A-level was set in June 1970. Physics A-level trial schools included Mill Mount Grammar School, York; Monks Park School, Bristol; Ormskirk Grammar School; City of Portsmouth Highbury Technical College; Repton School in Derby; La Retraite School, Bristol; Royal Belfast Academical Institution; Rugby School; St Malachy's College, Belfast; Sale Grammar School; Surbiton County Grammar School; Teesdale School; William Ellis School, London; and Worcester Royal Grammar School.

The Secondary Science Section of the Nuffield Foundation Science Teaching Project was concerned with the preparation of material for pupils in secondary schools aged between 13 and 16 who were unlikely to be entered for O-level papers in science. The work was based on the ideas of the Schools Council Working Paper Number I. The scheme was built around eight major themes: the interdependence of living things; the continuity of life; the biology of man; harnessing energy; extension of sense perception; movement; using materials; and the earth and its place in the universe. Each theme consisted of several 'fields' of study, and teachers were encouraged to choose their own 'routes' to determine the emphasis and timetabling of each theme. In the spring term of 1966 a small-scale feasibility trial was conducted in 15 schools, with emphasis on the suitability of pupils' material. Full-scale development trials started in 53 schools in September 1967. The organiser of the Secondary Science course was Hilda Misselbrook, assisted by Mr L G Smith as consultant and two observers, Dr J K Brierley and Mr T R Jenkyn (both Her Majesty's Inspectors of Schools).

In Sep 1942, the Director of Naval Intelligence authorised the formation of the Special Intelligence Unit, composed of 33 (Royal Marines) Troop, 34 (Army) Troop, 35 (RAF) Troop and 36 (Royal Navy) Troop. The Special Intelligence Unit was later renamed 30 RN Commando (Special Engineering Unit), and was redesignated 30 Assault Unit in [Dec] 1943. The unit's operational role was to move ahead of advancing Allied forces, or to undertake covert infiltrations into enemy territory by land, sea or air, to capture much needed Intelligence, in the form of codes, documents, equipment or enemy personnel. The Unit often worked closely with the Intelligence Corps' Field Security sections. Individual Troops were present in all operational theatres and usually operated independently, gathering information from captured facilities. The unit served in North Africa, the Greek Islands, Norway, Pantelleria, Sicily, Italy, and Corsica, 1942-1943. In Nov 1943, 30 RN Commando returned to the UK to prepare for the Allied invasion of German occupied Europe. In Normandy, France, 30 Assault Unit (codenamed WOOLFORCE and PIKEFORCE) landed on JUNO and UTAH beaches, attempted to capture a German radar station at Douvres-la-Delivrande, and later fought their way into Cherbourg. During Jul 1944 the Unit served in Rennes and Brest, and followed French forces into Paris, France, Aug 1944. In Sep 1944 30 Assault Unit began a series of operations in the Channel coast ports as they were captured by the Allies. By May 1945, Royal Marines from 30 Assault Unit had captured the German Naval Base at Bremen, Germany. A 30 Assault Unit Royal Marines detachment was sent to the Far East in 1945, but the Japanese surrender precluded operations. Subsequent activities in Singapore, Indo-China and Hong Kong eventually provided much useful intelligence. 30 Assault Unit was finally disbanded in 1946.

Born 1888, educated, Trinity College Cambridge; called to the Bar, Lincoln's Inn, 1912; served with Rifle Bde, Western Front, 1915-1916; served with No 1 Special Company, Royal Engineers, 1916; Artists Rifles, 1920-1940; Royal Engineers, 1940; Ships Adjutant, Troop Ships, 1942-1945; Alderman, London County Council (LCC), 1931-1949; member, LCC, 1949-1958; Deputy Chairman, LCC, 1947-1948; Deputy Lieutenant and a Justice for the Peace, County of London; Chairman, John Oakey & Sons Ltd; Chairman of National Heart Hospital and Tooting Bec Hospital, 1951; died, 1963.

Born, 1940. Studied Social Science, Cambridge University, 1959-1962; worked on archaeological excavations during summer vacations, 1961-1962, in Greece and Turkey; worked in archaeology, Greece and Middle East, 1962-1963; diploma in Anthropology, Oxford University, 1963-1964; lecturer in Sociology, Bedford College, London, 1965-1983; undertook extensive research on migration and settlement of Greek and Turkish Cypriots in the UK, 1965-1971; PhD, 1971; on the staff of the Centre for the Study of Community and Race Relations, Brunel University, London, 1983-1988; independent consultant on racism, ethnicity and integration of minorities in the UK and Europe, 1988-.

Principal publications: editor, New backgrounds: the immigrant child at home and at school (Oxford University Press, 1968); ‘The Cypriots in Britain’, in Race today, 1970; PhD thesis, ‘Cypriot migration and settlement in Britain’, Oxford University, 1971; ‘Family, kinship and patronage: the Cypriot migration to Britain’, in Minority families in Britain: support and stress (London, Macmillan, 1979); ‘Cypriot families’ in Families in Britain (London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1982); ‘The control of Cypriot migration to Britain between the wars’, in Immigrants & minorities, 1987; Changing patterns of distribution of Cypriot settlement (University of Warwick Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations, 1987); ‘Cypriot migration to Britain prior to World War II’, in New community, 1989; ‘The Turkish peoples of Cyprus’, in The Turkic peoples of the world (London, Kegan Paul International, 1993); a series of reports, 1993-2011, published by the Council of Europe, on ethnic relations, policing and the situation of Roma in Europe.

Born in 1889; attended Royal Military College, Sandhurst, 1908-1909; joined 2 Battalion, The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles), 1909; served in Malta with Scottish Rifles, 1911-1912; Signal Officer of 22 Brigade, 7 Division, 1914; appointed Captain; command of 7 Division Signal Company, 1915; Brigade Major, 91 Brigade in 7 Division, 1916; Brigade Major, 185 Brigade in 62 Division, 1917; appointed temporary Lt Col and command of 2 Infantry Battalion, Honourable Artillery Company, 7 Division, 1917; capture of Grave di Papadopoli, River Piave in Italy, 1918; attended Staff College, Camberley, 1920; Brigade Major, Experimental Brigade, 1921; Adjutant, The Cameronians, 1924; Company Commander, Sandhurst, 1925-1927; Instructor, Staff College in Camberley, 1927-1929; service with 1 Battalion, The Cameronians in Egypt, 1930; service in Lucknow, India, 1931-1932; General Staff Officer, Grade 2, War Office, 1932-1934; Imperial Defence College, London, 1935; command of Peshawar Brigade, North West Frontier Province, India, 1936-1938; command of 7 Infantry Division and Military Governor in Palestine, 1938-1939; 7 Division HQ transferred to Mersa Matruh, Egypt, 1939; Commander, Western Desert Force in Egypt, 1940; General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, British Troops in Egypt, 1941; captured and imprisoned in Castle Vincigliata, Italy, 1941; escape and arrival in England, 1943; command of 8 Corps, North West Europe, 1944; General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Command in India, 1945; Gen, 1945; General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, North Western Army, India, 1945-1946; Adjutant General to the Forces, 1946; ADC General to the King, 1946; resigned as Adjutant General, 1947; Knight Grand Cross of the Bath, 1947; retired, 1948; Commandant of the Army Cadet Force, Scotland, 1948-1959; Colonel of the Cameronians, 1951-1954; Justice of the Peace, Ross and Cromarty, 1952; Lord Lieutenant for Ross and Cromarty, 1955-1964; Lord High Commissioner, Church of Scotland General Assembly, 1964; Knight of the Thistle, Jun 1971; died in 1981.