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The collection of scientific instruments accumulated by King George III and others was at one time housed in the King's private observatory, Richmond, Surrey (later known as Kew Observatory), built in 1769 to observe the transit of Venus, and included measurement devices such as clocks, thermometers and barometers, mechanical demonstration equipment including spring balances, levers and an Archimedes screw, electrical apparatus including Leyden jars, electroscopes and batteries; and navigational and astronomical instruments including globes, orreries, theodolites and telescopes. The collection was dispersed in 1841 with a small part remaining at Kew and elements going to the British Museum or Armagh Observatory. However, the bulk of its contents were donated by Queen Victoria to King's College London for public display and use in scientific demonstrations and experiments.

Born in New York, USA; author and journalist; chief European correspondent for the Mutual Broadcasting Network, Berlin, Germany [1960-1962]; London correspondent for the New Leader Magazine, 1986.Publications: Enemy in the shadows: the world of spies and spying (Luscombe, London, 1976); The irresistible impulse: an evocative study of erotic notions and practices through the ages (Paddington Press, London, 1979); The British: a portrait of an indomitable island people (Everest House, New York, USA, 1982); Less than glory [1984]; Scramble: a narrative history of the Battle of Britain (Michael Joseph, London, 1986); The Berlin wall: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and a showdown in the heart of Europe (Michael Joseph, London, 1986); Dunkirk: the incredible escape (Michael Joseph, London, 1990); Desperate venture: the story of Operation TORCH, the Allied invasion of North Africa (Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1992); editor of Jonathan Carver's travels through America, 1766-1768, an eighteenth century explorer's account of uncharted America (Wiley, Chichester, New York, USA, 1993); Ike and Monty, Generals at war (Constable, London, 1994).

Educated at Guy's Hospital which he entered 1856.

Born in 1911; educated at Uppingham School, Royal Military Academy and Trinity College, Cambridge; 2 Lt, Royal Engineers, 1931; member of the Mount Everest expedition, 1936; instructor, Royal Military Academy, 1938; Capt, 1939; served during World War Two in the Far East, Middle East, Italy and France, including special operations; member of the British Joint ServicesCommission, Washington, 1948-1951; Commanding Officer, 1951-1953; Col, Staff College, Camberley, 1953-1955; British Army of the Rhine, 1956-1958; Commandant, Intelligence Centre, Maresfield, 1958-1961; Maj Gen, 1964; Assistant Chief of Staff (Intelligence),Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers, Europe, 1964-1967; Col Commandant, Royal Engineers, 1968-1973; died in Aug 2000.

Ellen V Gatter is thought to have been a nurse at St Thomas' Hospital.

Born Middleton, Nova Scotia, 1882; educated Middleton High School; BSc, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, 1899-1903; McGill University, 1903-1904; Vice-Principal of Middleton High School, 1904; Demonstrator in Botany, McGill University, 1905; research at Woods Hole, Massachusetts 1906-1908; Senior Fellow and graduated PhD, University of Chicago, 1908; first major visit to Europe (France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Holland and England), 1910; moved to England, 1911; research in laboratory of Farmer, Imperial College of Science, 1911; awarded Mendel Medal, 1911; Married Dr Marie Charlotte Carmichael Stopes, 1911 (marriage annulled 1916); Lecturer in Biology, St Thomas's Hospital, London, 1912-1914; Huxley Medal and Prize, Imperial College, University of London, 1913; Lecturer in Cytology, Bedford College, London, 1912, 1914 and on Heredity in Relation to Cytology, Oxford University, 1914; moved to USA, 1914; Associate Professor in Zoology, University of California, [1915]; worked at the New York botanical garden [1915-1916]; returned to England and enlisted in the Artists' Rifles, 1916; Instructor in aerial gunnery, Royal Flying Corps (Corporal), 1917-1918; Reader in Botany, University of London King's College, 1919-1921; Professor of Botany, University of London King's College, 1921-1942; Society of Experimental Biology, Secretary, 1923-1928; Amazon expedition, 1925; expedition to Kola Peninsula tundra and inspecting Russian plant breeding stations, 1926-1927; Canadian Arctic expedition (the Mackenzie River) recording blood group frequencies amongst the Inuit and indigenous Canadian population, 1928, South African expedition, making photographic records of South African peoples 1929; married Jane Williams, 1929 (marriage dissolved); Consultative Council, Eugenics Society; Royal Anthropological Institute, Council, 1927-1933, 1935-1937; Council, Linnean Society, 1928-1932, Fellow of the Royal Society, 1931; Vice-President, 1931-1932; Council Royal Microscopical Society, Secretary, 1928-1930, President, 1930-1932, Honorary Fellow, 1951; delegate from British and American Associations to Indian Science Congress, Calcutta (Kolkata), 1937, also travelled in India during this time collecting botanic material and photographing indigenous jungle-dwelling people; De Lamar Lectures at Johns Hopkins University on Human Heredity and Society, 1932; Lecture tour in American Universities, 1940-1942; Emeritus Professor, King's College London, 1943; Fellow of King's College; Lowell Lectures on Human Heredity, 1944; Research Fellow in Biology, Harvard University, 1946-1950; gave series of lectures at Howard University, Washington DC, 1947, but left after petitioning by academic staff on the grounds of his being racist; Honorary President of 7th International Botanical Congress, Stockholm, 1950 and of 8th Botanical Congress, Paris, 1954, while in Sweden visited Lapland to study Arctic vegetation and the Lapps; expedition to Cuban to study mixed race families, 1952; visit to North Africa, 1953; expedition to Mexico to study mixed race people, 1953; expedition to Eastern Canada to study indigenous Canadians, 1953; expedition to Japan to study Ainu people, racial genetics of the Japanese, and mixed race Japanese children, 1954; anthropological studies in South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, 1955; married Laura Greer, 1955; studies in Australia, especially of mixed race indigenous Australians, 1958, studies in New Guinea, New Zealand, 1958; studies in India, including the Kurumbas and the Kanikars in South India and the Asurs, Bihors and Muria Gonds in North India, 1959; Far East, 1960; co-founded controversial anthropology journal Mankind Quarterly, 1960; Anthropological Studies in Iran, 1961; accused of 'scientific racism' by anthropologist Juan Comas, 1961; Guest of Indian Statistical Institute, 1961-1962; died 1962.

Publications (selection only): The mutation factor in evolution, with particular reference to Oenothera (Macmillan & Co, New York, 1915) Heredity and eugenics (Constable & Co, London, 1923) A botanist in the Amazon valley (Witherby, London, 1927) Heredity and man (Constable & Co, London, 1929) Human genetics 2 vols(Macmillan & Co, London and New York, 1946) Human ancestry (Harvard University Press, 1948) Pedigrees of Negro families (Blakiston & Co, Philadelphia and Toronto, 1949) Genetic linkage in man (W Junk, The Hague, 1955) Taxonomy and genetics of oenothera : forty years study in the cytology and evolution of the Onagraceae (W Junk, The Hague, 1958).

Born 1903; educated Eton and Sandhurst; 2 Lieutenant, Grenadier Guards, 1923; instructor, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, 1935; Staff College Camberley, 1938-1939; commander, 1 Battalion Grenadier Guards, 1941-1942; commander, 201 Guards Brigade, 1942-1943; North Africa and Italy, 1943; Imperial Defence College, 1946; Deputy Commander British Joint Services Mission (Army Staff), Washington DC, USA, 1947-1949; General Officer in Command, London District, 1950-1953; Major General commanding Household Brigade, 1950-1953; retired, 1953; Colonel Commandant, Honorable Artillery Company, 1954-1959; Governor and Commander in Chief, Bermuda, 1959-1964; died 1989.

Born, 1913; educated at Bradford Grammar School and the University of Leeds; Assistant Librarian, University of Leeds, 1937-1945; served in World War Two, 1939-1945; commissioned into the Intelligence Corps, 1941; service in North West Europe, 1944-1945; General Staff Officer 2 (Intelligence), Headquarters, 21 Army Group, British Liberation Army, Germany, 1945; Deputy Librarian, University College London, 1945-1958; General Staff Officer 2 (Intelligence), British Army of the Rhine, Germany, 1946; Member, Enemy Publications (Requirements) Committee (EPCOM), 1946-1948; Joint Honorary Secretary, University and Research Section of Library Association, 1948-1951; Commanding Officer, University of London Officer Training Corps, 1958-1963; Librarian, King's College London, 1958-1974; Chairman, Association of British Theological and Philosophical Libraries, 1961-1966; Trustee, Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King's College London, 1963-1983; Honorary Secretary, Council of Military Education Committees of Universities of UK, 1966-1978; Secretary, National and University Libraries Section, International Federation of Library Associations, 1967-1968; Secretary, University Libraries Sub-Section, International Federation of Library Associations, 1967-1973; Member, University of London Committee on Library Resources, 1968-1971; Vice Chairman, British Theatre Museum Association, 1971-1977; Member, Council for National Academic Awards Librarianship Board, 1971-1981; Director of Central Library Services and Goldsmiths' Librarian, University of London, 1974-1978; Member, British Library Advisory Committee for Reference Division (Bloomsbury), 1975-1978; Honorary Keeper, Military Archives, King's College London, 1979-1983; Editor, LIBER Bulletin , 1980-1983; Fellow of King's College London, 1981; died, 1983. Publications: Library co-operation at a time of financial constraints (University of London Library Resources Co-ordinating Committee, London, 1981); Guide to the Library resources of the University of London (University of London Library Resources Co-ordinating Committee, London, 1983).

Born 1917; educated at Watford Grammar School; apprentice engineer with Vauxhall Motors, 1935; joined the Territorial Army as Trooper in City of London Yeomanry, Royal Horse Artillery, 1936; joined RAF, 1937; pilot, Bomber Transport Squadron, Iraq, 1938-1939; transferred to 211 Squadron, Western Desert, 1939; shot down by enemy ground fire, Libya, 1940; POW, Italy, 1940-1943, made numerous escape attempts; escaped to Rome and worked with local resistance as an unofficial billeting officer for escaped Allied POWs, 1943-1944; awarded MC, 1944; re-trained as a fighter pilot, 1944; served with Night Fighter Operational Training Unit, 1945-1946; commanded 129 Sqn and 267 Sqn, 1946-1948; Staff College, 1948; seconded to Pakistan Air Force as Wing Commander, 1950-1952; Air Defence Squadron, 1951-1952; Air Ministry, 1952-1956; Joint Services Staff College, 1956; Wing Commander, Air Defence 224 Group, Malaysia, 1956-1959; Deputy Station Commander, RAF Syerston, Nottinghamshire, 1959-1960; retired, 1960; publican, Somerset; died, 2003.

Publication: Single to Rome (London, Allan Wingate, 1955)