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Born in London, 1846; worked in the family business, Nottinghamshire, as a seed merchant; trapped in the city during the siege of Paris, Franco-Prussian War, and volunteered for the Garde Nationale de la Seine, Nov 1870-Feb 1871; returned to England after the lifting of the siege in 1871.

Walter Chiesman was born in July 1900. He was educated at Whitgift School, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and St Thomas's Hospital, London, graduating MA, MB BCh. He obtained MD from Cambridge, 1934, and was elected FRCP 1947. Chiesman was appointed Resident Assistant Physician, 1928; and 1st Assistant, Medical Unit, 1929-1933, St Thomas's Hospital; Medical Adviser to Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), 1933-1945; Honorary Physician to the King 1950, and Honorary Physician to the Queen 1951. He also held the position of Medical Officer, Ministry of Supply (Chemical Defence), 1944, and Treasury Medical Adviser, 1945-1965. He was awarded CB 1955, and knighted in 1960. In 1930 he married Feodora Rennie. He died on 13 August 1973.

Born 1917; educated at Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, Devon; served with Royal Navy, 1936-1961; commissioned Midshipman, 1936; service on HMS LONDON, 1 Cruiser Sqn, Mediterranean Fleet, 1936-1938; acting Sub Lt, 1938; Promotion Course, Portsmouth, 1938; Sub Lt, 1938; served on HMS IMOGEN, 3 Destroyer Flotilla, Mediterranean Fleet, 1939; service in World War Two with the Home Fleet and the Western Approaches Command, 1939-1945; qualified as signal communications specialist, 1942; service on HMS OFFA, Battle of the Atlantic, 1942-1943; served on HMS BELFAST, 1943-1945; sinking of the German battlecruiser SCHARNHORST, Battle of North Cape, 1943; shore bombardment of Normandy coast, France, for D Day, Operation NEPTUNE, Jun 1944; Lt Cdr, 1944; served on HMS UKUSSA, Royal Naval Air Station, Katukurunda, Ceylon, 1946-1947; Signal Division, Admiralty, 1947-1949; Cdr, 1951; posted to HMS PRESIDENT, 1952-1954; commanded HMS CONTEST, 1955-1956; Joint Tactical School, Malta, 1957; HMS PHOENICIA, 1958-1960; served as Sea Cadet Corps Officer, 1961, retired 1961; Defence Correspondent for the Statist, 1962-1967; regular contributor of articles to Navy magazine, 1962-1977, member of the Bow Group Standing Committee on Defence, 1982. Publications: Co-authored with John Arbuthnot Ducane Wilkinson, MP, The uncertain ally. British Defence Policy, 1960-1990 (Gower, Aldershot, 1982); British Defence, a blueprint for reform (Brassey's, London, 1987).

Born, 1852, educated King's College, Aberdeen, and Edinburgh University, graduating, 1875; after a brief visit to Vienna, appointed House-Surgeon to Joseph Lister, Professor of Clinical Surgery at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, and also appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy in Edinburgh University, 1876-1877; Lister's first House Surgeon, King's College Hospital, 1877; Extra-Sambrooke Surgical Registrar, 1878; Assistant Surgeon and Teacher of Practical Surgery, 1880; Surgeon with Care of Out-Patients, 1887; Surgeon and Teacher of Operative Surgery, 1889; Professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery, 1902; Fellow of the Royal Society, 1894; Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, 1879; Hunterian Professor, Royal College of Surgeons, 1888, 1890-1892; President, Royal College of Surgeons, 1914-1916; Civil Consulting Surgeon to British forces during the Anglo-Boer War, 1899-1902; Consulting Surgeon to the Royal Navy, 1915; Knight Commander, Order of St Michael and St George, 1916; elected Member of Parliament for the University of Edinburgh and St Andrews, 1917; Member of Parliament for the Combined Scottish Universities, 1918-1922; Died, 1932.

Publications: translated Robert Koch, Investigations into the etiology of traumatic infective diseases (London, 1880); Antiseptic surgery, its principles, practice, history and results (Smith, Elder and Co., London, 1882), that was derived from his thesis for the Jacksonian prize awarded by the Royal College of Surgeons, 1881; Manual of the antiseptic treatment of wounds (Smith, Elder and Co., London, 1885); Suppuration and septic diseases (Y. J. Pentland, Edinburgh and London, 1889); translated Carl Flugge, Micro-organisms, with special reference to the etiology of the infective diseases (London, 1890); The objects and limits of operations for cancer (Bailliere and Co., London, 1896); On the treatment of tuberculosis diseases in their surgical aspect (J. Bale and Co., London, 1900); Tuberculosis diseases of bones and joints, their pathology, symptoms, and treatment (London, 1911); Lister and his achievement (Longmans and Co., London, 1925), the first Lister Memorial Lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons, 1925.

In 1969 a proposal for the development of an integrated science scheme for 13 to 16 year old pupils was accepted by the Schools Council and a development grant allocated. The impetus for this Project had been provided by the Nuffield Combined Science Scheme, designed for 11-13 year old pupils. Dr William C Hall and Brian Mowl were appointed to organise and direct the Project, which was based at the Centre for Science Education, Chelsea College. The Project 'brief' was to produce an integrated science course suitable for the top twenty percent of the ability range, leading to a special GCE O-level examination with double certification. The course required about one fifth of the school timetable for a period of three years.

The stated overall aims of the SCISP scheme were: to help the pupils develop intellectual skills which would be particularly useful if their careers were science based; to give priority to developing those skills over the teaching of facts; to develop and change pupil attitudes to science, society and their own education; and to encourage pupils to make critical and sceptical analyses of their own work and that of scientists and technologists.

Trials of the SCISP scheme began in September 1970 in 21 schools in the London, Birmingham and Northern Ireland regions, the Phase 1 trials schools. On successful application by SCISP for an increase in its grant, 10 more schools were able to join the project from September 1971, the Phase 2 trials schools. During Phases 1 and 2 schools tested trials versions of the SCISP course materials and pupils took examinations for the qualification. In September 1973 the trials period ended and Phase 3, the 'dissemination' phase, began. From that date the final version of the SCISP course was taught in hundreds of schools. For co-ordination of Phase 3, England, Wales and Northern Ireland were divided into 15 areas. A co-ordinator was appointed for each area to organize SCISP schools and liaise with the national project co-ordinator. The SCISP team was aided in administration, management, planning and development of the Project by a consultative committee, consisting mainly of persons involved in science education in universities, colleges, schools, the Department of Education and Science, industry and the Schools Council. The SCISP GCE O-level was administered by the Associated Examining Board for all boards. Successful candidates received two O-level grades, Integrated Science A, which focused on pattern finding, and Integrated Science B, which focused on problem-solving. The double certificates were to stand in lieu of the normal separate science grades. The examination included a teacher-assessed element which was regularly discussed and standardized, and a paper was prepared giving SCISP criteria for the teacher assessment of pupil attitudes and value judgements.

The SCISP course was called Patterns . An inventory of 86 patterns and concepts in science (contained in the Teacher's Handbook ) formed the basis of the course - the nearest equivalent to a syllabus. The course texts represented one way of teaching those patterns and concepts, and were based on three large-scale organizing patterns used by scientists: buildings blocks, energy, and interactions. Background books were also prepared to provide further, optional, reading to parts of the Patterns texts. 'Trials' versions of the Patterns manuals (for pupils, teachers and technicians) and background books were produced and tested by Phase 1 and 2 trials schools. These schools forwarded comments and criticisms on the texts to the SCISP team. The final revised versions of the Patterns manuals and background books were published in 1973 and 1974, and were used after the trials stage had ended. In the late 1970s work began on the preparation of a new set of SCISP books, Exploring Science . This series was aimed at pupils in the average to lower range of ability. In 1974 and 1975 a Project survey revealed that over three quarters of the participating schools had developed a CSE Mode 3 examination based on the philosophy and structure of SCISP. Further research by SCISP into the extent of, and reasons for, these developments led to the setting up of the SCISP 16+ Working Party in 1977. During the late 1970s and early 1980s the Working Party devised a Mode 3 CSE examination model based on the SCISP O-level, and incorporating a revised Patterns inventory.

A report outlining their ideas for an examination model was published in 1979.

The South-Western Polytechnic was opened at Manresa Road, Chelsea, in 1895, to provide scientific and technical education to Londoners. Day and evening classes for men and women comprised study in domestic economy, mathematics, engineering, natural science, art and music. It changed its name to Chelsea Polytechnic in 1922 and taught a growing number of registered students of the University of London, and this relationship was later formally recognised when the Polytechnic, now reconstituted as Chelsea College of Science and Technology, was admitted as a School of the University in 1966. The renamed Chelsea College was formally incorporated into the University of London in 1971. Chelsea merged with King's and Queen Elizabeth College in 1985.

A Students' Union and various sporting societies, in particular an athletics society, were formed soon after the establishment of the Polytechnic and remained active until the merger of Chelsea College with King's College in 1985.