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In 1839 the Council of King's College London was persuaded by Robert Bentley Todd (1809-1860), a physician at the College, to lease a disused workhouse in Portugal Street near Lincoln's Inn Fields and the Royal College of Surgeons, and convert it for use as a hospital. This was the first King's College Hospital and it opened in 1840. Its purpose was to provide King's College medical students with a place in the near vicinity of the College where they could receive instruction by their own professors. The Council of King's College London became the supreme governing body of the Hospital, largely through a Board of Governors, with the right to appoint all medical staff. A Committee of Management undertook the day to day administration and appointed lay officers. The Sisterhood of St John the Evangelist provided all nursing and catering for the Hospital between 1856 and 1885. A second hospital was opened in 1861 on the site of the first extended hospital. A Medical Board was subsequently established at the College to oversee the academic work and teaching. By 1900, the changed nature of the surrounding area of the Hospital and the fact that about a third of patient admissions came from South London, led to a Special Court of the Governors, in 1903, adopting a proposal to move King's College Hospital south of the river Thames. In 1904 an Act of Parliament was obtained to remove the Hospital to Denmark Hill, on land purchased and presented to the Governors by Hon William Frederick Danvers Smith, later Lord Hambleden. A foundation stone was laid in 1909; that year King's College London was incorporated into the University of London and the Hospital established as a separate legal entity. At the same time the Committee of Management took over responsibility for teaching in the School of Advanced Medical Studies, bringing into existence King's College Hospital Medical School. The Faculty of Medical Science remained at the College providing pre-clinical training, while the Hospital Medical School provided clinical training, the latter being recognised as a School of Medicine by the University of London. The new Hospital was opened in 1913. From 1914 to 1919, the Hospital became the Fourth London General Military Hospital and a large part of it was taken over for military uses. In 1923 a Dental School and Hospital was established within the Hospital. In July 1948 the National Health Service Act came into operation. A King's College Hospital Group was recognised as a teaching group managed by a Board of Governors and responsible to the Minister of Health. In 1948 the King's College Hospital Group consisted of King's College Hospital, Royal Eye Hospital, Belgrave Hospital for Children, Belgrave Recovery Home, and Baldwin Brown Recovery Home. From 1966 the King's Group consisted of King's College Hospital, Belgrave Hospital for Children, Belgrave Recovery Home, Baldwin Brown Recovery Home, Dulwich Hospital, St Giles Hospital, and St Francis Hospital. In 1974, due to the reorganisation of the National Health Service, the Board of Governors of King's College Hospital Group was disbanded, and replaced by a District Management Team. The King's Health District (Teaching) was thus formed as one of the four Districts in the Lambeth Southwark and Lewisham Area Health Authority (Teaching). The second reorganisation of the National Health Service took place in April 1982, resulting in the King's Health District (Teaching) becoming a new Health Authority, the Camberwell District Health Authority. In 1983 King's College Hospital Medical School was reunited with the College to form King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry. The Hospital came under the management of the King's Heathcare Trust in 1993. The United Medical and Dental Schools (UMDS) of Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals merged with King's College London in 1998, creating the Guy's, King's and St Thomas's School of Medicine.

The Thrombosis Research Unit was established in 1965, with a remit to undertake a clinical research programme devoted to the study of thrombosis in patients following surgery. In 1975 the Unit expanded and was given new laboratory space. In 1985 it was decided to expand the activities of the Unit into a new Thrombosis Research Institute, the first of its kind in Europe, a multidisciplinary organisation devoted to basic and clinical research in thrombosis and atheroma.

When King's College Hospital opened in 1840, the Council of King's College London was also the governing body of the Hospital, with the right to appoint all medical staff. All members of the Council were ex-officio Governors of the Hospital, and the Council appointed two of its number to be members of the Hospital's Committee of Management. The Governors of the Hospital consisted mainly of major donors and subscribers. The Committee of Management undertook the daily administration of the Hospital and appointed lay officers including the Secretary. In July 1948 when the National Health Service Act (1946) came into operation, a Board of Governors took responsibility for the control and management of the King's College Hospital Group. When the first reorganisation of the National Health Service took place in April 1974, King's College Hospital Group was replaced by King's Health District (Teaching), and the Board of Governors were replaced by a District Management Team which included a District Administrator.

In 1856 the Sisterhood of St John the Evangelist signed an agreement with King's College Hospital to provide all nursing and catering for the Hospital. This agreement was terminated in 1885, and the Committee of Management of the Hospital formed its own nursing staff, under Sister-Matron Katharine Monk. Monk reorganised the nursing department and founded the Training School for Nurses. In 1948, with the inauguration of the National Health Service, the Belgrave Hospital and the Royal Eye Hospital were amalgamated with King's to form the King's College Hospital Group. The Sister-Matron, as head of the Nurse Training School, was responsible for coordinating and, as far as possible, standardising the training in the hospitals in the Group. She was also ultimately responsible to the Board of Governors for the nursing of all the patients. A Nursing Procedure Committee was set up to try to standardise nursing techniques throughout the Group. The Committee consisted of administrative sisters, ward sisters and sister tutors. The amalgamation of the hospitals in Camberwell in the early 1960s brought about the closure of the individual nurse training schools at Dulwich Hospital, St Francis Hospital and St Giles Hospital. These training schools were gradually combined with King's. When the King's Health District (Teaching) was formed in 1974, a District Nursing Officer was appointed, as a member of the District Management Team. In 1975 the Nursing School moved into Normanby College, which was built for the training of para-medical staff, including nurses, physiotherapists and radiographers, to teach them something of elementary physiology, anatomy and pathology.

In 1904 an Act of Parliament was obtained to remove King's College Hospital from Portugal Street to Denmark Hill in South London. The move was managed by a Removal Fund, and a Building Committee was elected in 1904. Special committees and sub-committees were also established to deal with the move.

King's College Hospital Nursing Committee was formed in 1885 when the Sisterhood of St John the Evangelist's nursing agreement with the Hospital was terminated, and the Committee of Management formed their own nursing staff. The Nursing Committee formed an Education Sub-Committee in 1947. The Nursing Committee and its Education Sub-Committee were reconstituted and renamed in 1968 following the Salmon Committee Report recommendations for nurse administration reform. The Nursing Committee became the Nursing Advisory Committee in 1968, reporting directly to the Finance and General Purposes Committee. The Education Sub-Committee became the Nursing Education Committee from 1969, and the Normanby College Council from 1974, reporting to the District Management Team.

King's College Hospital opened in 1840, on a site at Lincoln's Inn Fields, London. In 1913 it moved to its present site at Denmark Hill, South London. In 1856, the Sisterhood of St John the Evangelist signed an agreement with King's College Hospital to provide all nursing and catering for the hospital. When this arrangement was terminated in 1885, the Committee of Management of the Hospital formed its own nursing staff, under Sister-Matron Katharine Monk. Monk reorganised the nursing department and founded the Training School of Nurses. In 1916, five nurses who were leaving King's at that time decided to meet in five years time to renew friendship and exchange news. After that, they met annually until 1924, when they asked the Sister Matron if they could form a League. A small committee was established which was chaired by Miss M A Wilcox (Sister Matron). Its aims were to maintain links between nurses and their training school, and between past and present nurses; to uphold and forward the profession; to publish an annual magazine, and hold annual reunions. Twenty-eight members attended the first reunion of the Nurses' League on 6 Jun 1925.

In 1993 the Nightingale School of Nursing of St Thomas's Hospital and Guy's Hospital, and Normanby College, combined to form the Nightingale Institute. The School of Nursing moved from King's College Hospital to become an academic department at King's College London in 1996. The United Medical and Dental Schools (UMDS) of Guy's and St Thomas's merged with King's College London in 1998, leading to the Department of Nursing Studies at King's being amalgamated with the Nightingale Institute, with a consequent name change to the Florence Nightingale Division of Nursing and Midwifery.

The Medical and Scientific Society of King's College London was established in 1833. The object of the Society was: 'The cultivation of Medicine and the auxiliary sciences, by the propagation of a spirit of observation and original research, and of a feeling of friendship and co-operation amongst those engaged in the pursuit of these sciences'. In 1845 the Society changed its name to the Medical Society of King's College London. In 1908 the Society became the King's College Hospital Medical Society, and in 1912, the year in which Lord Joseph Lister, Professor of Clinical Surgery at King's College Hospital, died, the name was changed to the Listerian Society of King's College Hospital. The Listerian Society is no longer active.

The Medical School Library was founded in 1839, when the first King's College Hospital was opened in Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London. Apart from an early Report Book covering the years 1839-1852, few records refer to it until 1946. During World War Two, the upkeep of the Library had been unavoidably neglected. A Library Sub-committee was elected in 1945 and the next year a new appointment was made, that of a full-time Librarian.

The King's College London Transfer Act was passed in 1908 (coming into force in 1909), and King's College London was incorporated in the University of London. The Committee of Management of King's College Hospital took over the School of Advanced Medical Studies, bringing into existence King's College Hospital Medical School, while the Faculty of Medical Science remained at the College. The Committee of Management appointed the government of the Medical School, assisted by the Medical School Committee. The Medical School Committee consisted of the Chairman, the Vice-Chairman and the Treasurer of the Committee of Management, and the Dean of the Medical School, together with six members of the Committee of Management and six members chosen by the Medical Board. Under the provisions of the National Health Service Act, 1946, the Medical School was incorporated as a separate legal entity in 1948, distinct from the Hospital, with its own governing body, the Council of the Medical School.

King’s College Hospital was opened in 1840. In 1908 the King's College London (Transfer) Act was passed, its provisions coming into force on 1 September 1909. By this Act, King's College London was incorporated in the University of London while the government of the Hospital was separated from that of the College. The Committee of Management took over the School of Advanced Medical Studies, bringing into existence King's College Hospital Medical School, while the Faculty of Medical Science remained at the College. Henceforth, the College provided pre-clinical training only, and the King's College Hospital Medical School provided clinical training. Also under this Act, the King's College Hospital Medical School obtained recognition from, and was constituted as, a School of Medicine in the University of London. From that time until 1948, the government of the Medical School remained the responsibility of the Committee of Management of the Hospital, which was assisted by three Statutory Committees: the Medical Board, the Medical School Committee and the General Board of Teachers. In 1923, it was decided by the Delegacy of King's College and by the Committee of Management of the Hospital, to establish a School of Dental Surgery in connection with, and as part of, the Medical School. In 1948, under the provisions of the National Health Service Act 1946, the Medical School became disassociated with King’s College Hospital. The Hospital came under the control of the Ministry of Health and the Medical School became part of the University of London. The Medical School now had its own governing body, the Council of the Medical School on which there were representatives of the Board of Governors of the King’s Group, King's College London, the University of London and the Medical School’s Academic Board. In 1983 King's College Hospital Medical School was reunited with the College to form King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry. The United Medical and Dental Schools (UMDS) of Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals merged with King's College London in 1998, creating the Guy's, King's and St Thomas's School of Medicine.

For a number of years King's College Hospital Medical Board consisted of the professors, who were usually also medical practitioners, in the Medical Department of the College. Its task was to oversee academic work and teaching. In 1870 the Board was reconstituted and consisted of the physicians, surgeons, assistant physicians, assistant surgeons, the Dental Surgeon, the Senior Anaesthetist of the Hospital, the Teacher of Hygiene in the Medical School and other teachers of the Medical School appointed by the Committee of Management. In 1949 the Medical Board became the Medical Committee, as a consequence of the Hospital becoming King's College Hospital Group in 1948.

The earliest reference of what was later called the Friends of King's College Hospital, was in the annual report of 1903, which mentioned the "Needlework Guild" contributing 604 garments and £42 cash for "comforts of the ward" that year. The members of the Guild were local ladies. In 1910 the Guild made and donated a large amount of linen to the Hospital, including blankets, sheets, pillowcases and towels. In 1917 Dowager Viscountess Lady Esther Hambleden formed from the Needlework Guild, a 'Ladies Association', whose main object was to collect money for the Hospital and for the patients' comforts. The Association raised money for the Hospital, made 400 blackout curtains in World War Two, started and staffed a canteen, gave money for improvements to the Nurses' Home, opened a flower shop and was responsible for flower arrangements in the Hospital. Viscountess Lady Hambleden served as Chairman of the Friends from 1917 to 1944, followed by Dowager Lady Stanley 1944-1947, and the Hon Katherine Acland 1947-1966. From 1966 the Chairman held a three year term of office. In 1961 the Ladies Association and the Ladies Association of Belgrave Hospital for Children became the Friends of King's College Hospital, its basic principles remaining the same: to provide amenities and comforts for the benefit of patients and staff of King's College Hospital. All its members are volunteers. The Friends established the Kingfishers, a junior branch specially concerned with raising money for child patients, with its own Committee.

King's College Hospital Standing Sub-Committee of Finance was appointed in 1855, to raise funds for the Hospital. In 1875 it became the Finance Committee. In 1948 it became the Finance and General Purposes Committee, when the King's College Hospital Group came into being. The Board of Governors of the Group delegated much power to the Finance and General Purposes Committee.

The Appeal Committee, also known as the Special Appeal Committee and the Appeal Sub-Committee, reported to the Appeal Council from 1922 to 1924: the Appeal Council was the managing body with the Appeal Committee as the executive. The Medical School Centenary Committee was set up for the Medical School centenary 1831-1931. The General Board of Teachers was one of the Statutory Boards assisting the Committee of Management with the government of the Medical School, and consisted of the members of the Medical Board and of all persons officially engaged in teaching in the Medical School, meeting for the first time in 1910. The Cambridge House Day Centre was a joint venture sponsored by the Nuffield Foundation and administered and staffed by King's College Hospital.

King's College Hospital Committee of Management was established in 1840. It was elected by and from the Annual Court of the Governors of King's College London, with the College Council appointing two members itself. The Committee of Management undertook the day-to-day administration of the Hospital and appointed lay officers including the Secretary, Steward and Matron. This arrangement of dual control between the Council and the Committee of Management sometimes led to friction, and did not become law until 1851 with the Act of Incorporation. As a consequence of King's College Hospital becoming King's College Hospital Group in 1948, the Committee of Management became the House Committee in 1950. In 1963 the House Committees of King's College Hospital and Belgrave Hospital amalgamated, and were henceforth referred to as the King's College Hospital House Committee, until 1968 when Belgrave Hospital House Committee was transferred from the care of King's and combined with the St Francis Hospital House Committee.