Typescript transcript of extracts of an interview with Marshall Darrow Shulman, Associate Director, Russian Research Center, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 1954-1962, and Ambassador and Special Adviser on Soviet Affairs to Cyrus Roberts Vance, US Secretary of State, 1977-1980, relating to the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks II (SALT II), Geneva, Switzerland, 1977-1979; the increase in Soviet and Cuban influence in Ethiopia, 1977-1980.
Typescript transcript of interview with Marshall Darrow Shulman, Associate Director, Russian Research Center, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 1954-1962, and Ambassador and Special Adviser on Soviet Affairs to Cyrus Roberts Vance, US Secretary of State, 1977-1980, relating to the US arms control proposal offered to the USSR by US Secretary of State Cyrus Vance and Paul Culliton Warnke, Director, US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and Chief US Arms Control Negotiator, Moscow, USSR, Mar 1977; US development of the Martin-Marietta MGM-118 (MX) Peacekeeper Heavy Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM), 1974-1981; the increase in Soviet and Cuban influence in Ethiopia, 1977-1980; the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks II (SALT II), 1974-1979; the official visit to the USA by Deng Xiaoping, Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, and the establishment of diplomatic relations between the USA and the People's Republic of China, Jan 1979; the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Dec 1979; a comparison between the SALT I and SALT II negotiations, [1989].
Interview with Maurice Schumann, former French deputy Foreign Secretary, [1987]
Typescript transcript of interview with Maurice Schumann, French Deputy Foreign Secretary, 1951-1954, Minister of State for Scientific Research, 1967-1968, Minister for Social Affairs, 1968-1969, and Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1969-1973, relating to US Gen of the Army Dwight David Eisenhower's service as Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR), at Supreme Headquarters, Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE), 1950-1952; the impact of the Korean War in France, 1950-1953; the European Defence Community (EDC), 1950-1954; the agreement by NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) of the 'Lisbon Force Goals', the minimum forces required to defend western Europe against an attack by the USSR, 1952; the French reaction to the detonation of the first British nuclear weapon, Operation HURRICANE, Trimouille Island, Monte Bello Islands, Western Australia, Oct 1952; the opinion in France on the deployment and basing of US forces in western Europe, 1954; the rearmament and entry into NATO of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1954; the French defeat by the Viet Minh at Dien Bien Phu, Indo-China, 1954; the rumour that John Foster Dulles, US Secretary of State, 1953-1959, offered France US atomic bombs to use in Indo-China following the French defeat at Dien Bien Phu, 1954; the French nuclear development programme, 1954-1960; the Suez Crisis and the deterioration in US/French relations, 1956; the launch of the Soviet Sputnik I and Sputnik II Earth orbiting satellites, Oct and Nov 1957; the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I), 1969-1972; the policy of détente between the USA and the USSR, 1969-1975; the US Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 1983-1986.
Interview with military analyst and activist Daniel Ellsberg, 1986
Typescript transcript of interview with Daniel Ellsberg, RAND Corporation, 1959-1964 and 1967-1970, US Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, 1964-1965, Senior Liaison Officer, US Embassy, Saigon, South Vietnam, 1965-1966, and Senior Research Associate, Center for International Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 1970-1972, relating to the Cuban Missile Crisis, Oct 1962; the US naval blockade of Cuba, 1962; the shooting down of a Lockheed U2 high altitude photographic reconnaissance aircraft, Cuba, 1962; the removal of US Chrysler Jupiter SM-78 Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBM) from Turkey, 1965.
Interview with Myron Kratzner, Director of the Atoms for Peace programme, 1987
Typescript transcript of interview with Myron Kratzner, Director, US Atoms for Peace programme, US Atomic Energy Commission, and Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Nuclear Energy Affairs, [1953-1977], relating to the US Atoms for Peace programme, 1953; nuclear proliferation, 1946-1987; the first Atoms for Peace Conference on the peaceful uses of atomic energy, Geneva, Switzerland, 1955; the Indian nuclear development programme, [1955]-1974; the creation of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 1957; the Israeli independent nuclear development programme, 1968-1987; the role of the UK, Canada and France in the Atoms for Peace programme, 1953-1987; a prediction on the scale of future nuclear proliferation, made by US President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 1963; the detonation of India's first nuclear device, Rajasthan Desert, India, May 1974; US President James Earl 'Jimmy' Carter's Non-Proliferation Act, 1978; the formation of the International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation Group (INFCE), 1977.
Interview with newspaper editor Josef Joffe, [1987]
Typescript transcript of interview with Joseph Joffe, Editor of Suddeutch Zeitung, Federal Republic of Germany, [1987], relating to West German public opinion on the US deployment of General Dynamics BGM-109G Gryphon Ground Launched Cruise Missiles (GLCM) and MGM-31C Pershing II Short Range Battlefield Support Missiles in western Europe, 1979-1983; the Peace Movement in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1979-1987; the adoption by the British Labour Party and the Federal German Social Democrat Party of the policy of unilateral nuclear disarmament, 1986; the summit meeting between US President Reagan and Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR, and President of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Reykjavik, Iceland, Nov 1986; speculation on the forthcoming signing of the INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) Treaty, Jun 1988; NATO's (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) strategy of flexible response, 1987.
Interview with newspaper editor Norman Cousins, [1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with Norman Cousins, Editor of The Saturday Review, and author of The improbable triumvirate: John F Kennedy, Pope John, Nikita Khrushchev (Norton, New York, USA, 1972), relating to the detonation of the atomic bomb, dropped by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), on Hiroshima, Japan, 6 Aug 1945; the Cuban Missile Crisis, Oct 1962; two meetings between Cousins and Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, USSR, Dec 1962; the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, Aug 1963.
Interview with Norris Bradbury, former Director of Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, 1986
Typescript transcript of interview with Dr Norris Edwin Bradbury, Director, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, New Mexico, USA, 1945-1970, relating to the difficulty in retaining US atomic scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, USA, following the Japanese surrender, Sep 1945; Operation CROSSROADS, the two US nuclear tests, Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean, Jun-Jul 1946; the military requirements for US nuclear weapons, 1947-1948; the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 1947-1948; Operation SANDSTONE, the three US atomic bomb tests, Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean, Apr-May 1948; the detonation of the first Soviet atomic bomb, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan, USSR, Aug 1949; US development of thermonuclear weapons (hydrogen bombs), 1949-1952; the importance of Professor Edward Teller in the US thermonuclear development programme, 1949-1952; the opposition by Dr J(ulius) Robert Oppenheimer, to the US development of thermonuclear weapons (hydrogen bombs) 1948-1952; the arrest of Dr Klaus Emil Julius Fuchs, a nuclear physicist, for passing atomic secrets to the USSR, 1950; Operation GREENHOUSE, the four US nuclear tests, Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean, Apr-May 1951.
Interview with nuclear freeze campaigner Randall Forsberg, [1988]
Typescript transcript of interview with Dr Randall Caroline Forsberg, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Sweden, 1968-1979, founder of the US Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign, 1980-1985, Director, Institute for Defense and Disarmament Studies, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 1979-1988, relating to the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II (SALT II) on agreed limits on the numbers and testing of new types of Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM), Jun 1979; the deferment by the US Senate to ratify the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II (SALT II), due to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Jan 1980; the origins of the US Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign, 1980; the 'Ban the bomb' movement, [1958-1963]; the US anti-Vietnam War peace movement, 1965-1975; the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems (the ABM Treaty), May 1972; US defense policy during the Presidency of Ronald (Wilson) Reagan, 1981-1988; support for the US Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign from Senator Edward Moore Kennedy and Congressman Edward John Markey, 1981-1982; the US Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 1983-1986; the influence of the Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign on the US Presidential Election, Nov 1984; speculation on the forthcoming signing of the INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) Treaty, Jun 1988.
Interview with nuclear freeze campaigner Randall Forsberg, Mar 1988
Typescript transcript of interview with Dr Randall Caroline Forsberg, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Sweden, 1968-1979, founder of the US Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign, 1980-1985, and Director, Institute for Defense and Disarmament Studies, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 1979-1988, relating to the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II (SALT II), Jun 1979; US and European peace and disarmament movements, [1978-1985]; US military involvement in the Korean War, 1950-1953, and in Vietnam, 1961-1975; Soviet intervention in Afghanistan, 1979-1988; speculation on the possibility of future of nuclear disarmament, 1988; the US/Soviet arms race, 1945-1988; the history of US/Soviet arms control negotiations, 1945-1988; speculation on the forthcoming signing of the INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) Treaty, Jun 1988; the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems (the ABM Treaty), May 1972; the ideological conflict between the USA and the USSR, 1945-1988; the policy of détente between the USA and the USSR, 1969-1975; the reformist policies of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR, 1985-1991, and President of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, 1988-1991; the US Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 1983-1986; speculation on the future demolition of the Berlin wall, Germany, 1988; the US Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign, 1980-1988; the administration of US President Ronald (Wilson) Reagan, 1981-1989.
Interview with nuclear freeze campaigner Randy Keehler, [1988]
Typescript transcript of interview with Randy Keehler, activist, US Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign, western Massachusetts, USA, 1980-1985, relating to the election of Ronald (Wilson) Reagan as US President, Nov 1980; the Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign in western Massachusetts, USA, 1980-1982; the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II (SALT II) on agreed limits on the numbers and testing of new types of Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM), Jun 1979; the increase in US defence spending during the adminstration of US President Reagan, 1981-[1988]; the influence on policy of the European peace and disarmament movements, 1982; accusations of KGB infiltration of the US Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign, 1982; the disarmament rally held in Central Park, New York City, USA, 12 Jun 1982; the US Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 1983-1986; the re-election of US President Reagan, Nov 1984.
Interview with nuclear nonproliferation negotiator, George Bunn, [1987]
Typescript transcript of interview with George Bunn, General Counsel, US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 1961-1969, Dean of the Law School, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 1972-1975, relating to nuclear proliferation, 1945-[1987]; the US Atoms for Peace programme to share nuclear knowledge with other countries, 1953; the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, Aug 1963; US plans for the creation of a Multilateral Force (MLF) in western Europe, [1964-1965]; the detonation of the first Chinese nuclear weapon, Lop Nor, People's Republic of China, Oct 1964; the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Jul 1968; the Indian nuclear development programme, [1955]-1974; the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks I (SALT I), 1969-1972; the detonation of India's first nuclear device, Rajasthan Desert, India, May 1974.
Interview with Paul Warnke, former Chief US Arms Control Negotiator, [1986]
Typescript transcript of interview with Paul Culliton Warnke, US Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, 1967-1969, Director, US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and Chief US Arms Control Negotiator, 1977-1978, and Special Counsel to Cyrus Roberts Vance, US Secretary of State, 1978-1980, relating to the US view of Soviet geopolitical intentions, 1977; the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty I (SALT I), May 1972; the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks II (SALT II), 1974-1979; the reservations held by the US Committee on the Present Danger on the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II, 1979; US development of the Martin-Marietta MGM-118 (MX) Peacekeeper Heavy Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM), 1974-1981; US development of the Boeing AGM-86 Air Launched Cruise Missile (ALCM), [1975]-1981; the US arms control proposal offered to the USSR by Cyrus Roberts Vance, US Secretary of State, and Warnke, Moscow, USSR, Mar 1977; the character of Andrei Andreevich Gromyko, Soviet Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1957-1985; the increase in Soviet influence in Ethiopia and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen), 1977-1978; the official visit to the USA by Deng Xiaoping, Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, and the establishment of diplomatic relations between the USA and the People's Republic of China, Jan 1979; the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II (SALT II) on agreed limits on the numbers and testing of new types of Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM), Jun 1979; the deferment by the US Senate to ratify the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II (SALT II), due to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Jan 1980; US Presidential Directive 59 (PD 59) on the development of the US counter force strategy, of attacking an enemy's nuclear and military forces instead of centres of population or economic targets, in order to deter an enhanced Soviet first strike capability, Jul 1980; the cancellation of the Rockwell International B-1A Lancer strategic bomber and the 'neutron bomb', a thermonuclear enhanced radiation tactical nuclear weapon, [1978].
Typescript transcript of interview with Philip J Farley, US Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Politico-Military Affairs, 1967-1969, US Delegate, Strategic Arms Limitation Talks I (SALT I), 1969-1972, Deputy Director, US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, [1972-1974], relating to the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks I (SALT I), 1969-1972; Farley's opinion of Gerard C Smith, Chief US Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) Negotiator [1969-1972]; the history of US/Soviet arms control negotiations, 1958-1972.
Interview with physicist Aleksandr Obukhov, 1986
Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Aleksandr Mikhailovich Obukhov, Director, Soviet Institute of Atmospheric Physics, 1956-[1988], relating to the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 1969-1972, and the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty I (SALT I), May 1972.
Interview with physicist Alexsandr Krasulin, 1986
Typescript transcript of interview with Alexsandr [B] Krasulin, Soviet Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, relating to the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Jul 1968; the US Atoms for Peace programme, 1953; the development of nuclear weapons by the UK, France, the People's Republic of China, India, and Israel, 1952-1979; the potential for future nuclear proliferation by Iraq and the Republic of South Africa [1986].
Interview with physicist Bernard Feld, 1986
Typescript transcript of interview with Bernard Feld, Physicist, Manhattan Project, [1943]-1946, relating to a meeting at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA, between Feld, Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard, 1939; the first successful splitting of an atom of Uranium by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman, Berlin, Germany, Dec 1938; nuclear research in Germany, 1934-1939; the Manhattan Project, the Anglo-US project to develop an atomic bomb, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1942-1946; the reaction to the detonation of the atomic bomb, dropped by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), on Hiroshima, Japan, 6 Aug 1945; the creation of the Federation of Atomic Scientists, Washington DC, USA, 1946.
Interview with physicist Carl Friedrich von Weizsacker, 1986
Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Freiherr Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, Head of Department, Max Planck Institute for Physics, Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany, 1946-1957, Professor of Philosophy, University of Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, 1957-1969, and Director, Max Planck Institute for Research on Preconditions of Human Life in a Scientific Technical World, 1970-1980, relating to the first successful splitting of an atom of Uranium by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman, Berlin, Germany, Dec 1938; the development of Nuclear Physics in Germany, 1938-1945; the capture of German Physicists by British and US forces, Germany, 1945; the use, by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), of an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima, 6 Aug 1945.
Interview with physicist Edward Teller, [1988]
Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Edward Teller, Manhattan Project, 1943-1946, Assistant Director, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, New Mexico, USA, 1949-1952, Director, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, USA, 1960-1975, and Senior Research Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford University, California, USA, 1975-[1989], relating to a meeting between Teller and US President Ronald (Wilson) Reagan to discuss the development of a strategic defence system, 1982; the US Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 1983-1986; the INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) Treaty, Jun 1988.
Interview with physicist Evgeny Velikhov, [1989]
Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Evgeny Pavlovich Velikhov, Soviet Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, 1961-1984, and Professor of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, 1973-1986, relating to the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty II (SALT II), Jun 1979; the Soviet testing of anti-satellite weapons, [1986]; the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, Ukraine, USSR, Apr 1986; the Soviet aim to include the nuclear arsenals of the UK, France and the People's Republic of China in future arms reduction negotiations, [1986]; the summit meeting between US President Ronald (Wilson) Reagan and Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR, Reykjavik, Iceland, Nov 1986; the US Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 1983-[1989]; speculation on a moratorium on nuclear testing, [1987]; the rejection by the USSR of US President Ronald (Wilson) Reagan's 'zero option', whereby the US would not deploy General Dynamics BGM-109G Gryphon Ground Launched Cruise Missiles (GLCM) and MGM-31C Pershing II Short Range Battlefield Support Missiles if the USSR withdrew SS-4 'Sandal' Medium Range Ballistic Missiles (MRBM), SS-5 'Skean' Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBM) and SS-20 'Saber' Mobile Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBM), from west of the Ural mountains, 1981.