Showing 302 results

Typescript transcript of interview with Dr George Albert Keyworth II, Staff Physicist, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, USA, 1968-1974, Scientific Adviser to US President Ronald (Wilson) Reagan, and Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy, 1981-1985, relating to the Soviet capability to strike accurately at US missile silos in the USA, [1980]; the increase in US defence spending during the adminstration of US President Reagan, 1981-[1987]; the US Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 1983-1986; the summit meetings between US President Reagan and Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR, Geneva, Switzerland, Nov 1985, and Reykjavik, Iceland, Nov 1986; the US/Soviet Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF) negotiations, [1981]-1988.

Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Hans Albrecht Bethe, Professor of Theoretical Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA, 1937-1975, Director, Theoretical Physics Division, Manhattan Project, Los Alamos Science Laboratory, 1943-1946, member of US President's Science Advisory Committee, 1956-1960, and member of US Presidential Study on Disarmament, 1958, relating to the first successful splitting of an atom of Uranium by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman, Berlin, Germany, Dec 1938; nuclear research in Europe and the USA, 1933-1939; wartime nuclear research in Germany, the UK and the USA, 1939-1945; the Manhattan Project, the Anglo-US project to develop an atomic bomb, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1942-1946; the TRINITY Atomic Test, the detonation of the first atomic bomb, Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range, Alamogordo Desert, New Mexico, USA, 16 Jul 1945; the use, by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), of atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 6 and 9 Aug 1945; US military requirements for atomic weapons, 1945-1948; Operation CROSSROADS, the two US nuclear tests, Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean, Jun-Jul 1946; the Bernard Mannes Baruch report, to the United Nations (UN) Atomic Energy Commission, on outlawing atomic war, 1946; the opposition by Dr J(ulius) Robert Oppenheimer, to the US development of thermonuclear weapons (hydrogen bombs) 1948-1952; Operation SANDSTONE, the three US atomic bomb tests, Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean, Apr-May 1948; the detonation of the first Soviet atomic bomb, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan, USSR, Aug 1949; US development of thermonuclear weapons (hydrogen bombs), 1949-1952; the importance of Professor Edward Teller in the US thermonuclear development programme, 1949-1952; Operation GREENHOUSE, the four US nuclear tests, Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean, Apr-May 1951.

Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Hans Albrecht Bethe, Professor of Theoretical Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA, 1937-1975, Director, Theoretical Physics Division, Manhattan Project, Los Alamos Science Laboratory, 1943-1946, member of US President's Science Advisory Committee, 1956-1960, and member of US Presidential Study on Disarmament, 1958, relating to the first successful splitting of an atom of Uranium by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman, Berlin, Germany, Dec 1938; nuclear research in Europe and the USA, 1933-1939; wartime nuclear research in Germany, the UK and the USA, 1939-1945; the Manhattan Project, the Anglo-US project to develop an atomic bomb, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1942-1946; the TRINITY Atomic Test, the detonation of the first atomic bomb, Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range, Alamogordo Desert, New Mexico, USA, 16 Jul 1945; the use, by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), of atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 6 and 9 Aug 1945; US military requirements for atomic weapons, 1945-1948; Operation CROSSROADS, the two US nuclear tests, Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean, Jun-Jul 1946; the Bernard Mannes Baruch report, to the United Nations (UN) Atomic Energy Commission, on outlawing atomic war, 1946; the opposition by Dr J(ulius) Robert Oppenheimer, to the US development of thermonuclear weapons (hydrogen bombs) 1948-1952; Operation SANDSTONE, the three US atomic bomb tests, Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean, Apr-May 1948; the detonation of the first Soviet atomic bomb, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan, USSR, Aug 1949; US development of thermonuclear weapons (hydrogen bombs), 1949-1952; the importance of Professor Edward Teller in the US thermonuclear development programme, 1949-1952; Operation GREENHOUSE, the four US nuclear tests, Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean, Apr-May 1951. Copy of 11/10

Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Isidor Isaac Rabi, Professor of Physics, Columbia University, New York, USA, 1937-1967, member of the General Advisory Committee to the US Atomic Energy Commission, 1946-1974, the US President's Science Advisory Committee, 1957-1968, and the General Advisory Committee of US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 1962-1983, relating to Rabi's decision, in 1943, not to participate in the Manhattan Project, the Anglo-US project to develop an atomic bomb, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1942-1946; the TRINITY Atomic Test, the detonation of the first atomic bomb, Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range, Alamogordo Desert, New Mexico, USA, 16 Jul 1945; the detonation of the atomic bomb, dropped by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), on Hiroshima, Japan, 6 Aug 1945; the role of the General Advisory Commission to the US Atomic Energy Commission, 1947-[1953]; the detonation of the first Soviet atomic bomb, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan, USSR, Aug 1949; the opposition by Dr J(ulius) Robert Oppenheimer, to the US development of thermonuclear weapons (hydrogen bombs) 1948-1952; the opinions of Ernest Orlando Lawrence and Edward Teller on US hydrogen bomb development, 1948; the arrest of Dr Klaus Emil Julius Fuchs, a nuclear physicist, for passing atomic secrets to the USSR, 1950.

Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Isidor Isaac Rabi, Professor of Physics, Columbia University, New York, USA, 1937-1967, member of the General Advisory Committee to the US Atomic Energy Commission, 1946-1974, the US President's Science Advisory Committee, 1957-1968, and the General Advisory Committee of US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 1962-1983, relating to Rabi's decision, in 1943, not to participate in the Manhattan Project, the Anglo-US project to develop an atomic bomb, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1942-1946; the TRINITY Atomic Test, the detonation of the first atomic bomb, Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range, Alamogordo Desert, New Mexico, USA, 16 Jul 1945; the detonation of the atomic bomb, dropped by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), on Hiroshima, Japan, 6 Aug 1945; the role of the General Advisory Commission to the US Atomic Energy Commission, 1947-[1953]; the detonation of the first Soviet atomic bomb, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan, USSR, Aug 1949; the opposition by Dr J(ulius) Robert Oppenheimer, to the US development of thermonuclear weapons (hydrogen bombs) 1948-1952; the opinions of Ernest Orlando Lawrence and Edward Teller on US hydrogen bomb development, 1948; the arrest of Dr Klaus Emil Julius Fuchs, a nuclear physicist, for passing atomic secrets to the USSR, 1950. Copy of 11/97.

Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Joseph Rotblat, Research Fellow, Radiological Laboratory, Scientific Society of Warsaw, Poland, 1933-1939, Assistant Director of Atomic Physics, Institute of Free University of Poland, 1937-1939, Oliver Lodge Fellowship, University of Liverpool, Lancashire, 1939, worked on the development of an atomic bomb, Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, 1940-1942, and on the Manhattan Project, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1942-1944, Director of Research in Nuclear Physics, University of Liverpool, 1945-1949, Professor of Physics, St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, University of London, 1950-1976, and Nobel Peace Laureate, 1995, relating to the first successful splitting of an atom of Uranium by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman, Berlin, Germany, Dec 1938; atomic research in the UK, 1939-1942; the Maud Report, produced by British scientists convinced that the development of a viable nuclear weapon was possible, Jul 1941; the Manhattan Project, the Anglo-US project to develop an atomic bomb, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1942-1946; Rotblat's decision to leave the Manhattan Project, 1944; the detonation of the atomic bomb, dropped by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), on Hiroshima, Japan, 6 Aug 1945.

Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Philip Morrison, Physicist, Metallurgy Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1943-1944, Physicist, Manhattan Project, 1944-1946, Assistant Professor of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA, 1946-1965, and Professor of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, relating to the first successful splitting of an atom of Uranium by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman, Berlin, Germany, Dec 1938; the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii, 7 Dec 1941, and the subsequent participation of the USA in World War Two, 1941-1945; nuclear research in Germany, 1939-1945; the Manhattan Project, the Anglo-US project to develop an atomic bomb, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1942-1946; the personality and leadership of Dr J(ulius) Robert Oppenheimer, Director, the Manhattan Project, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1944-1946; the development by Germany of the V-1 flying bomb and the V-2 rocket, 1943-1945; the TRINITY Atomic Test, the detonation of the first atomic bomb, Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range, Alamogordo Desert, New Mexico, USA, 16 Jul 1945; the detonation of the atomic bomb, dropped by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), on Hiroshima, Japan, 6 Aug 1945; the Acheson-Lilienthal Report on international control of atomic power, 1946; the Bernard Mannes Baruch report, to the United Nations (UN) Atomic Energy Commission, on outlawing atomic war, 1946; Professor Niels Henrik David Bohr, Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and his open letter to the United Nations on the necessity for the adoption of peaceful atomic policies, 9 Jun 1950; the detonation of the first Soviet atomic bomb, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan, USSR, Aug 1949; US development of thermonuclear weapons (hydrogen bombs), 1949-1952.

Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Philip Morrison, Physicist, Metallurgy Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 1943-1944, Physicist, Manhattan Project, 1944-1946, Assistant Professor of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA, 1946-1965, and Professor of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, relating to the first successful splitting of an atom of Uranium by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman, Berlin, Germany, Dec 1938; the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii, 7 Dec 1941, and the subsequent participation of the USA in World War Two, 1941-1945; nuclear research in Germany, 1939-1945; the Manhattan Project, the Anglo-US project to develop an atomic bomb, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1942-1946; the personality and leadership of Dr J(ulius) Robert Oppenheimer, Director, the Manhattan Project, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1944-1946; the development by Germany of the V-1 flying bomb and the V-2 rocket, 1943-1945; the TRINITY Atomic Test, the detonation of the first atomic bomb, Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range, Alamogordo Desert, New Mexico, USA, 16 Jul 1945; the detonation of the atomic bomb, dropped by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), on Hiroshima, Japan, 6 Aug 1945; the Acheson-Lilienthal Report on international control of atomic power, 1946; the Bernard Mannes Baruch report, to the United Nations (UN) Atomic Energy Commission, on outlawing atomic war, 1946; Professor Niels Henrik David Bohr, Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and his open letter to the United Nations on the necessity for the adoption of peaceful atomic policies, 9 Jun 1950; the detonation of the first Soviet atomic bomb, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan, USSR, Aug 1949; US development of thermonuclear weapons (hydrogen bombs), 1949-1952. Copy of 11/81

Typescript transcript of interview with Sergei Mikhailovich Polikanov, Nuclear Physicist, Mechanical Institute, Moscow, USSR, 1946-1950, and Nuclear Power Research Institute, Moscow, USSR, 1950-1957, relating to the development of nuclear physics in the USSR and contacts with Western scientists during the 1930s; research by Igor (Vasilevich) Kurchatov into using nuclear fission as a source of energy, 1940; the interruption in Soviet nuclear research during the Great Patriotic War, 1941-1945; Soviet reaction to the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, 1945; intensification in Soviet nuclear research, 1945-1946; development and testing of the first Soviet atomic bomb, 1946-1948; Soviet development of the hydrogen bomb, 1948-1953.

Typescript transcript of interview with Shalhevet Fraier (Freier), Israeli scientist, relating to the development of atomic energy in Israel, [1950]-1988; the US Atoms for Peace programme to share nuclear knowledge with other countries, 1953; Israel's co-operation with France in the development of nuclear energy [1956-1960]; an Israeli goal to ensure a nuclear free zone throughout the Middle East [1988].

Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Sir Rudolf (Ernst) Peierls, Professor of Mathematics and Physics, University of Bern, Switzerland, 1937-1963, Physicist, Manhattan Project, 1943-1946, Professor of Physics, Oxford University and Fellow, New College, Oxford, 1963-1974, relating to the first successful splitting of an atom of Uranium by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman, Berlin, Germany, Dec 1938; nuclear research in the UK, 1938-1943; the Maud Report, produced by British scientists convinced that the development of a viable nuclear weapon was possible, Jul 1941; the Manhattan Project, the Anglo-US project to develop an atomic bomb, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1942-1946; the TRINITY Atomic Test, the detonation of the first atomic bomb, Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range, Alamogordo Desert, New Mexico, USA, 16 Jul 1945; the reaction to the detonation of the atomic bomb, dropped by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), on Hiroshima, Japan, 6 Aug 1945; the arrest of Dr Klaus Emil Julius Fuchs, a nuclear physicist, for passing atomic secrets to the USSR, 1950.

Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Victor Frederick Weisskopf, Manhattan Project, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1943-1946, Professor of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 1946-1960, Director General, European Organisation for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland, 1961-1965, and Instructor and Professor of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 1965-[1988], relating to nuclear research in Germany, 1934-1939; the first successful splitting of an atom of Uranium by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman, Berlin, Germany, Dec 1938; the Manhattan Project, the Anglo-US project to develop an atomic bomb, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, 1942-1946; the TRINITY Atomic Test, the detonation of the first atomic bomb, Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range, Alamogordo Desert, New Mexico, USA, 16 Jul 1945; the reaction to the use, by the USAAF (US Army Air Force), of atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 6 and 9 Aug 1945; the Bernard Mannes Baruch report, to the United Nations (UN) Atomic Energy Commission, on outlawing atomic war, 1946.

Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Wolfgang Kurt Hermann Panofsky, member of staff, Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA, 1945-1951, Professor of Physics, Stanford University, California, USA, 1951-[1989], Director, High Energy Physics Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Centre, California, USA, 1962-1984, and US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 1968-1981, relating to the US development of multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles (MIRV) [1968-1972]; the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I), 1969-1972; the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems (the ABM Treaty), May 1972.

Typescript transcript of interview with Professor Yuval Ne'Eman, Professor of Physics, Tel Aviv University, Israel, member of Israeli Atomic Energy Commission, 1965-1984, and Israeli Minister of Science and Development, 1982-1984, relating to the development of nuclear research in Israel, 1950-[1965]; the US Atoms for Peace programme to share nuclear knowledge with other countries, 1953; the French aid and support for the Israeli nuclear research programme [1956-1966]; Operation BABYLON, the Israeli air attack on the Osirak nuclear research reactor, Al Tuwaitha, Iraq, 7 Jun 1981; the Israeli strategic policy on the development and deployment of nuclear weapons and on nuclear proliferation in the Middle East [1988]; the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Jul 1968, and Israel's decision not to become a signatory, 1968-1988.

Typescript transcript of interview with Pierre Heisbourg, Director, International Institute of Strategic Studies, [1989], relating to the planned expansion of the British and French nuclear arsenal, [1989]; the existence and purpose of a British independent nuclear deterrent, [1989]; the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START I) between the USA and the USSR, 1982-1991; the signing of the INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) Treaty by Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR, and US President Ronald (Wilson) Reagan, Washington DC, USA, 8 Dec 1987; the deployment of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) nuclear and conventional forces in the Federal Republic of Germany, [1989]; the possibility of the reunification of Germany, [1989]; the announcement by Gorbachev to the United Nations (UN) of the withdrawal and demobilisation of large numbers of Soviet conventional forces in Eastern Europe, New York, USA, 7 Dec 1988; the future of US/Soviet arms control negotiations, [1989].

Typescript transcript of interview in French with Pierre Auguste Joseph Messmer, French Minister for the Armed Forces, 1960-1969, Minister of State for Overseas Departments and Territories, 1972, and Prime Minister, 1972-1974, relating to the French nuclear development programme, 1954-1960; the administration of French Gen Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle, President of France, 1959-1969, the detonation of the first French nuclear weapon, Reggane, Algeria, Feb 1960; the Nassau Agreement between US President John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Prime Minister Rt Hon (Maurice) Harold Macmillan, on the adoption by the UK of the US Lockheed UGM-27 Polaris A1 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) as the UK independent nuclear deterrent, Nassau, New Providence Islands, the Bahamas, Caribbean, Dec 1962; US plans for the creation of a Multilateral Force (MLF) in western Europe, [1964-1965]; the withdrawal of French forces from the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) Military Committee, 1966.

Typescript transcript of interview with Rt Hon Denis Winston Healey, Secretary of State for Defence, 1964-1970, and Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1974-1979, relating to the permanent basing of US troops in western Europe, 1950; the strategic doctrine of massive retaliation and the Defence White Paper, 1957; the foundation of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), 1958; the Nassau Agreement between US President John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Prime Minister Rt Hon (Maurice) Harold Macmillan, on the adoption by the UK of the US Lockheed UGM-27 Polaris A1 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) as the UK independent nuclear deterrent, Nassau, New Providence Islands, the Bahamas, Caribbean, Dec 1962; the escalation in the deployment of tactical nuclear weapons in western Europe, 1961-1962; the adoption by the USA and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) of the strategic policy of flexible response, 1961 and 1967; the election of Richard Milhous Nixon to the US Presidency, and the adoption, under Dr Henry (Alfred) Kissinger, US National Security Adviser, 1969-1973, and US Secretary of State, 1973-1977, of the policy of détente with the USSR, 1969-1975; the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 1969-1972, and the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty I (SALT I), May 1972; the speech by Helmut (Heinrich Waldemar) Schmidt, Chancellor, Federal Republic of Germany, to the International Institute of Strategic Studies, London, on the consequences of the planned US deployment of General Dynamics BGM-109G Gryphon Ground Launched Cruise Missiles (GLCM) and MGM-31C Pershing II Short Range Battlefield Support Missiles on German territory ('Euro-strategic missiles'), 7 Oct 1977.

Typescript transcript of interview with Rt Hon George Kenneth Hotson Younger, Secretary of State for Defence, 1986-1989, relating to the INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) Treaty, Jun 1988; the possibility of the future removal of tactical nuclear weapons from Europe, [1989]; the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START I) between the USA and the USSR, 1982-1991; the possibility of the inclusion of British and French independent nuclear weapons in arms control negotiations between the USA and the USSR, [1989]; the adoption by the UK of the US Lockheed UGM-93B Trident II D5 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM), Mar 1982; the existence and purpose of a British independent nuclear deterrent, [1989]; the deployment of US tactical nuclear weapons on West German territory, [1989]; the reformist policies of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR, 1985-1991, and President of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, 1988-1991; the announcement by Rt Hon Sir (Richard Edward) Geoffrey Howe, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, [1989], of the withdrawal by NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) of conventional forces in Europe to match Soviet reductions announced by Gorbachev to the United Nations (UN), New York, USA, 7 Dec 1988; the future of US/Soviet arms control negotiations, [1989].

Typescript transcript of interview with Hiroshi Ota, Japanese Foreign Ministry, relating to the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Jul 1968; the advantages and disadvantages of the Non-Proliferation Treaty for Japan, 1968; US technical assistance in the Japanese nuclear programme, 1968.

Typescript transcript of interview with [James Albert Smith] 'Jim' Leach, US Delegation, Disarmament Conference, Geneva, Switzerland, 1971-1972, relating to the inauguration of US President Ronald (Wilson) Reagan, Jan 1981; the opinions of the US Congress on US/Soviet arms control agreements, 1977-1981; the US Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign, 1980-1985; the US Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 1983-1986; speculation on the forthcoming signing of the INF (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces) Treaty, Jun 1988; speculation on the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START) and the US Strategic Defense Initiative, 1987.