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BROOKE-POPHAM, ACM Sir Robert (1878-1953)
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Articles and lectures by Brooke-Popham, 1943-1948, chiefly on air operations, World War Two

Notes, correspondence and drafts relating to articles, lectures and papers written by Brooke-Popham, notably material concerning the writing of 'Operations 1939-42: operations in France September 1939-June 1940', and 'Operations in 1939-42: the Norwegian campaign, 1940', Parts 9 and 10 of 'Role of the RAF in war and the strategical use of air power' (issued by the Department of the Air Member for Training, 1943-1944); text of an article entitled 'Sea, land and air power', in reply to an article by Adm Hon Sir Reginald Aylmer Ranfurly Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax in the Royal United Services Institution Journal, Feb 1943; material on the centralised control of air forces, with a brief history of the unified air force, Mar 1943; a draft article by Brooke-Popham on the Battle of Britain, Sep 1943; draft for a booklet on the traditions of the RAF, [1943]; a draft article on the formation of the RAF Staff College, Andover, Hampshire. 1 file, 52 items.

Background information and notes for a 1936 lecture on Egypt and Palestine

Material collated for a lecture entitled 'Jottings from the Near East', given by Brooke-Popham at the Imperial Defence College, London, on 10 Oct 1936, notably Papers regarding the recent negotiations for an Anglo-Egyptian Settlement, March 31-May 8, 1930 (HMSO, 1930); annotated précis and notes for the lecture, including sections on the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, the troubles in Palestine and the general situation in the Near East; précis of a previous lecture by Brooke-Popham on a Staff Exercise in the Near East, Sep 1935-Jun 1936; Anglo-Egyptian Conversations, Zafaran Palace 1936, Opening Meeting: text of official speeches and translation (Government Press, Boulac, Cairo, 1936). 1 file, 15 items.

Background information, 1936, for a lecture on Egypt and Palestine

Material collated by Brooke-Popham for a lecture on events in the Near East, at the RAF Staff College, Andover, Hampshire, on 10 Dec 1936, notably a copy letter from Brooke-Popham to the Air Ministry, 25 Jul 1936, on the final draft of the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty; Brooke-Popham's notes for the Air Ministry on the introduction of martial law in Palestine; letters, newscuttings and notes on the general situation in Palestine, Sep-Nov 1936; newscutting from The Times, 25 Nov 1936, on the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty and the future defence of the Suez Canal; précis of Brooke-Popham's lecture, with manuscript additions, chiefly describing recent events in Egypt, Palestine, and Abyssinia, and their effects on the rest of the Middle East; notes on the Egyptian Royal Family, the Egyptian Cabinet, and the Combined Staff in Palestine, 1936; map of Libya and Egypt printed by the Geographical Section, General Staff, War Office, 1918, and 1932, on a scale of 1:3,000,000, with annotations showing the range of various aircraft into Libyan territory from bases at Alexandria, Mersa Mutrah and Sollum; map of the Middle East and East Africa on a scale of 1:11,500,000, showing 1000 mile radii from various air bases in British and Italian territory; diagrams showing the structure of British Forces and the RAF in Palestine and Transjordan under Lt Gen John Greer Dill, Commander in Chief, British Forces in Palestine. 1 file, 20 items.

Background research material, 1930-1935, for lectures on Iraq

Notes, newspaper cuttings, memoranda and letters comprising background research for lectures by Brooke-Popham on Iraq, notably notes on the Saud family dynasty, the Anglo-Iraq Treaty of Jun 1930, the Iraqi Cabinet, the Iraq-Persia frontier dispute, and the RAF in Iraq; drafts of lectures by Brooke-Popham at the Staff College, Camberley, Surrey, and the Imperial Defence College, London; a printed copy of the Treaty of Alliance between His Majesty in respect of the United Kingdom and His Majesty the King of Iraq, with an exchange of notes, Baghdad, 30th June 1930 (HMSO, 1931); memorandum on the convention between the Iraq Petroleum Company and the Iraq Government, 24 Mar 1931; letters from Wg Cdr (Alfred) Guy (Roland) Garrod, RAF Headquarters, Iraq, on RAF operations there, including planned operations against Barzan to effect the settlement of Assyrians in the area, Mar 1932; memorandum on the situation in Iraq following a rebellion in the Middle Euphrates area by Sheikh Abdul Wahid and his followers, and the resignation of the Iraqi Government, Mar 1935; papers relating to the situation of the Assyrians in Iraq, notably their desire to be emigrated to a country under the rule of one of the Western nations to avoid persecution in Iraq, including correspondence between Brooke-Popham and Lt Col Sir Francis Henry Humphrys, High Commissioner and Commander in Chief in Iraq, on the former's meetings with Most Rev Rt Hon Cosmo Gordon Lang, Archbishop of Canterbury, regarding the persecution of the Assyrians, memoranda on the implementation of schemes for Assyrian resettlement in the Baradost area of Iraq, summaries of negotiations in 1917-1918 between Capt George Frederick Handel Gracey, Intelligence Staff Officer attached to the British Military Mission at Tiflis, Russia, and the Assyrians at Urmia, Persia, during World War One and the role played by them in holding positions abandoned by the Russian Army; notes on the Kurdish situation in Iraq, including the growth of Kurdish nationalism, and a draft article by Brooke-Popham on the role of the RAF in the subjugation of the Kurd rebellion in Iraq led by Sheikh Ahmed of Barzan, Sep 1932. 1 file, 46 items.

BROOKE-POPHAM, ACM Sir Robert (1878-1953)

  • BROOKE-POPHAM
  • Collection
  • 1890-1902

Papers relating to early career, including material on early aviation, 1911-1913, and texts of lectures given at the RAF Staff College, Andover, 1922-1926. Material relating to post as Air Officer Commanding, British Forces in Iraq, 1928-1935, including correspondence, memoranda and telegrams relating to operations in Iraq and Kuwait, 1928-1930, and negotiations for the Anglo-Iraq Treaty, 1930; news cuttings and notes relating to political and military affairs in Iraq, and the situation of the Assyrians and Kurds, 1930-1935. Papers created as Air Officer Commanding in Chief, Air Defence of Great Britain, 1933-1935, mainly relating to a Royal Review of the RAF at Mildenhall, Suffolk, and Duxford, Cambridgeshire. Papers relating to post as Air Officer Commanding in Chief, Middle East, notably memoranda, cypher signals, letters and notes, 1931-1936, relating to RAF operations, mainly planning and preparation for the possibility of war between the League of Nations and Italy following the Italian invasion and annexation of Abyssinia; correspondence with ACM Sir Edward Leonard Ellington, Chief of Air Staff, 1935-1936; memoranda, telegrams, correspondence and newscuttings on operational matters relating to the Arab Rebellion against the British Mandate in Palestine, 1936; material collated by Brooke-Popham for lectures on the Middle East, 1930, 1936; correspondence, memoranda and minutes relating to the formation and working of an Executive Committee on Assyrian Settlement, 1943-1947. Papers relating to the creation and implementation of the Empire Air Training Scheme in Canada and South Africa, 1939-1945, including personal correspondence with Arthur William Street, Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Air, 1940. Papers relating to post as Commander in Chief, Far East, notably telegrams and memoranda relating to the requirements of the RAF and Army in the Far East, 1940-1949; personal correspondence with Maj Gen Sir Hastings Lionel Ismay, Secretary to the Committee of Imperial Defence, 1940-1941; semi-official correspondence with Street, 1940-1941; material relating to the replacement of Brooke-Popham as Commander in Chief, Far East, Nov 1941; telegrams relating to reconnaissance sightings of Japanese convoys, the decision not to launch Operation MATADOR, the outbreak of war with Japan, and the sinking of RN battleships HMS PRINCE OF WALES and HMS REPULSE, Dec 1941; papers, correspondence and proofs relating to the publication of various despatches and reports concerning operations in Malaya, 1941-1947. Papers created whilst Inspector General of the Air Training Corps, 1942-1947, 1950-1952, mainly comprising inspection reports and material relating to the post-war organisation of the Air Training Corps. Booklets, memoranda, and reports collated by Brooke-Popham relating to RAF training, policy and operations, [1914]-1946. Material relating to research for and writing of articles, lectures and pamphlets, mainly relating to history, aviation or training, 1923-1952. Printed material, 1890-1953, mainly relating to aviation. Maps and photographs, 1917-[1945], including aerial photographs of the Western Front during World War One, 1917-1918.

Popham, Sir Henry Robert Moore, Brooke-, 1878-1953, Knight, Air Chief Marshal

Correspondence and related papers, 1942-1953, chiefly on World War Two in South East Asia

Personal memoranda, correspondence and notes mainly relating to the Far East, notably notes by Brooke-Popham on the RAF in West Africa, Feb 1942, made during his return from Malaya; detailed notes, dated 12 Mar 1942, of his experiences in the Far East written by Brooke-Popham for ACM Sir Charles Frederick Algernon Portal, Chief of Air Staff, mainly concentrating upon the organisation, achievements and difficulties of his command; a letter from Portal regarding Brooke-Popham's prospects of employment in the near future, 9 Apr 1942; copy telegram, 3 Apr 1942, from [Gen] John Northcott, Chief of General Staff, Australia, to the War Office, giving an outline of a report by Maj Gen (Henry) Gordon Bennett, General Officer Commanding, Australian Imperial Force in Malaya, on the Malayan Campaign, and Brooke-Popham's comments on that text; a copy telegram from the External Affairs Department, Australia, 7 Aug 1942, describing the guerilla activities of 2 Independent Company, Australian Imperial Force, in Portuguese Timor; a memorandum by Maj Gen Ian Stanley Ord Playfair entitled 'Some personal reflections on the Malayan Campaign'; later correspondence with C T Addis, requesting Brooke-Popham's opinion on a draft section of the Official History of the war against Japan, with the latter's notes on the text, 1953. 1 file, 41 items.

Correspondence with Sir Arthur Street, 1940-1941, on topics including RAF morale and the defence of Malaysia

Semi-official correspondence between Brooke-Popham and Sir Arthur William Street, Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Air, notably impressions of Gibraltar and Malta gained during Brooke-Popham's voyage to Malaya; first impressions of the political structure and military organisation in Malaya, including details of the lack of cooperation between the three armed services, the civil populace and the central Government, the need for an effective and combined intelligence staff, and the low morale of the RAF staff due to the lack of modern aircraft and adequate reserves; a visit by Brooke-Popham to Hong Kong, Jan 1941, including details of the difficulties involved in creating an adequate landing ground for aircraft, and the attitude of the Chinese towards the British; visits by Brooke-Popham to Australia, Feb 1941, including impressions of politicians, the attitude of the civil populace towards the war, and the huge potential for aircraft production. 1 file, 16 items.

Correspondence, 1935-1936, with the Chief of Air Staff on preparations for war against Italy

Correspondence between Brooke-Popham and ACM Sir Edward Leonard Ellington, Chief of Air Staff, divided into outgoing and incoming files, on the preparations of the RAF in the Middle East in case of a League of Nations war against Italy, following the Italian invasion and annexation of Abyssinia, notably visits by Brooke-Popham to Malta, Gibraltar, Aden, the Sudan, Kenya, Palestine and Transjordan, to inspect RAF facilities such as aerodromes, anti-aircraft defences, communications, personnel, spares and supplies, and mechanical requirements, with comments on the arrival and efficiency of RAF units, and discussions on possible operations from each place; negotiations, Oct-Dec 1935, with Gen Sir George (Alexander) Weir, General Officer Commanding, British Forces in Egypt, and Adm Sir William Wordsworth Fisher, Commander in Chief, Mediterranean Fleet, regarding combined offensive operations in the event of war (namely a RN and RAF attack on Tobruk, Libya, RAF attacks against Italian S81 aerodromes and organisations, and Army attacks on the Tobruk supply lines from a base at Sollum (Salum), Egypt, the defence of Alexandria, and the possibility of an attack on Léros, Greece, using Cyprus as a base (Rosforce operation); the progress of League of Nations peace negotiations with Abyssinia and Italy, the effectiveness of sanctions against Italy, especially possible oil embargoes, and instructions from the Air Ministry as to offensive action to be taken by Brooke-Popham in the event of Italy opening hostilities against Great Britain; a visit by Brooke-Popham to Iraq, and his observations on the political support for Yasin al-Hashimi, Iraqi Prime Minister, and Nuri al-Said, Iraqi Foreign Minister, and the attitude of the Iraqi Cabinet towards Britain; the internal situation in Egypt, especially the growth of nationalist movements, and political machinations following the death of Fuad I, King of Egypt, and the establishment of a regency for his son Faruk (Farouk), Jan 1936; descriptions by Brooke-Popham of his involvement in the negotiations, Mar-Jul 1936, for the military section of a new Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, including the opinion of the Chiefs of Staff, the British Government and the Air Ministry on the desirability of retaining the British right to freedom of flight over Egypt; the German reoccupation of the Rhineland, negotiations by the Locarno powers on the subject, and the decreasing likelihood of hostilities with Italy; detailed descriptions of the local and official reactions to the Arab Rebellion against the British Mandate in Palestine which began in Apr 1936, especially as regards the attitudes of Gen Sir Arthur Grenfell Wauchope, High Commissioner and Commander in Chief, Palestine and Transjordan, Sir Michael McDonald, Lord Chief Justice in Palestine, and Roy Godfrey Bullen Spicer, Inspector General of Police in Palestine, reactions of other Arab nations to the crisis, Brooke-Popham's recommendation that martial law be imposed, and the transfer of control to Lt Gen John Greer Dill and the Army. 2 files, 97 items.

Correspondence, 1935-1937, relating to Assyrian refugees, Iraq, and Middle Eastern archaeology

Personal material relating to the Middle East, notably correspondence with Capt A J Crawford, Ordnance Survey Office, relating to antiquarian research in the Middle East; correspondence with the Rt Hon Lord Hugh Cecil and Capt George Frederick Handel Gracey, Secretary of the Assyrian Settlement National Appeal, concerning the Assyrian settlement question. 1 file, 15 items.

Correspondence, 1940, with Sir Arthur Street about the Empire Air Training Scheme in South Africa

Personal correspondence between Brooke-Popham and Sir Arthur William Street, Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Air, concerning the implementation of the Empire Air Training Scheme in South Africa, notably Brooke-Popham's visits to Kenya and Southern Rhodesia, giving details of and the location and building of training schools, the calibre of the Air Force Headquarters Staff, and the need for additional equipment; the development of the scheme in South Africa, including the need for additional RAF instructors, aeroplanes and equipment, the calibre of the existing personnel and organisation, and the attitude of the South African people towards the British and the Empire Air Training Scheme. 1 file, 9 items.

Correspondence, 1940-1941, with Maj Gen Sir Hastings Ismay on the defence of Singapore and Malaysia

Personal correspondence between Brooke-Popham and Maj Gen Sir Hastings Lionel Ismay, Secretary to the Committee of Imperial Defence, and Deputy Secretary (Military) to the War Cabinet, notably on plans for the defence of Singapore and Malaya in the event of war with Japan, and the need for increased numbers of trained personnel, aeroplanes, equipment, anti-aircraft guns and munitions; initial impressions of Singapore, mainly the lack of communication and cooperation between the central Government, the armed service and the civil populace; the shortcomings of the Singapore Defence Council, and attempts by Brooke-Popham to improve the General Defence Scheme, undertake military exercises designed to improve inter-arm cooperation and introduce schemes for the training of volunteers; visits to Hong Kong (Jan and Apr 1941), Java (Feb 1941), Australia (Feb and Oct 1941), British Borneo (Apr 1941), Manila (Apr and Oct 1941) and Burma (Jun and Sep 1941), with comments upon morale, military preparation, problems of defence, especially in Hong Kong and Burma, aerodrome inspections, shortages of manpower, military transport, aeroplanes and equipment, and impressions of politicians and military commanders; problems relating to the transportation of materials down the Burma Road, the need for a Director General of Transportation and Brooke-Popham's request for the building of an alternative road in the area to lessen the danger of aerial bombing; the potential for increased munitions production in Australia; a visit of the Chinese Military Mission with assurances of aid in the defence of Burma against a Japanese attack through Thailand. 1 file, 19 items.

Lecture on Prussia and the Napoleonic Wars and an essay on recruitment, 1907-[1910]

Material from Brooke-Popham's early career, notably an essay written as a Capt in the Oxford Light Infantry, on the organisation of armies using a system of voluntary enlistment, 1907; text of a lecture on the regeneration of Prussia after the Battle of Jena, War of the Third Coalition, Napoleonic Wars, given by Brooke-Popham as a student at the Staff College, Camberley, [1910].

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