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Report by Maj Gen Dermott Dunlop on 'Security of Documents', written by Dunlop when Special Security Officer, Colonial Office, [1951], consisting of a series of questions to consider about the storage, classification, and circulation of documents.

Papers relating to the career and publications of Lieutenant General Cyril Durnford, 1914-1956, notably correspondence including letters of thanks and congratulations from colleagues, government officials and industry figures; progress reports and testimonials; official notices regarding promotion, awards and transfers; sailing orders; leave arrangements; mess arrangements and pay information, 1914-1947. Administrative papers including minutes, memorandums and reports including: "Summary of the Principal Military Reasons for the Urgent Construction of the Tauda China - Wana Road", 1930; "Passage of troops via the Imphal Road", 1942; "Despatching Stores along the Imphal Road", 1942; "Reorganisation of Command in Deccan District and Sind Area", 1943; "Report on Operations on Shatt Al Charraf (Sharaf) by 34 Brigade Column"; minutes of extraordinary meeting of the War Projects Coordination and Administrative Committee to consider Inter-Branch Subjects, 18-20 May, 1943; file regarding coordination of administrative functions at General Headquarters, India, 1943. Papers relating to Durnford's publications, including copies of articles "Imperial Organisation in Relation to Imperial Defence" and "The Arab Insurrection of 1920-21", [1924-25]; copies of The Journal of the United Service Institute of India , Vol LX, No 261, Oct 1930, including Gold Medal Prize Essay by Durnford on the subject of assisting economic development of tribal territories and finding employment for tribesmen; copies of The Journal of the United Service Institute of India , Vol LXIX, No 294, Jan 1939; including Highly Commended Essay by Durnford on modern army strategy and tactics; correspondence with Edward Machie of The Statesman newspaper, Mar-Sept 1947, regarding a series of articles by Durnford on 'The Foundations of India's Security', with drafts of the articles entitled: 'A Strong Man Armed Keepeth His House', 'Threats to India's Security', 'Can an Independent India Stand Alone?', 'The Bases of Defence Planning' and 'Internal Unity'; draft of article, 'Forgotten Men', Jan 1949, about the officers of the Indian Army; copy of 'Planning, Development and Operation of the Assam Lines of Communication, 1941-45', by Maj Gen George Neville Russell and Brig Richard Gardiner, 1951, with annotations by Durnford and related memo from Quartermaster General's Branch regarding maintenance of troops in Kalewa, Burma, 1942; correspondence with the Observer newspaper regarding Durnford's review of Defeat into Victory by FM Sir William Joseph Slim and correspondence with others regarding the review, 1956. With portrait photograph of Durnford, July 1943.

Charcoal sketches of capitols and other sculpted architectural details, 1843.

Correspondence between Nicholas Piers Eadon and US, British, French and German military and naval figures of the twentieth century, mainly relating to great moments of their lives, with many signed portrait photographs, [1968]-1980, including US Gen Omar Nelson Bradley; US Gen Mark Wayne Clark; US Gen Alfred Maximilian Gruenther; US Gen Anthony Clement McAuliffe; US Gen Carl A Spaatz; US Gen Maxwell Davenport Taylor; US Gen Albert Coady Wedemeyer. Correspondence with British military figures, including FM Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis; FM Sir Claude (John Eyre) Auchinleck; Gp Capt Sir Douglas (Robert Steuart) Bader; Maj Gen Sir Francis Wilfred De Guingand; Gen Sir Miles Christopher Dempsey; MRAF Sir (William) Sholto Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas of Kirtleside; ACM Hugh Caswall Tremenheere Dowding, 1st Baron Dowding of Bentley Priory; FM Sir Francis Wogan Festing; Gen Sir Richard Nelson Gale; Maj Gen Sir Miles (William Arthur Peel) Graham; FM (Allan Francis) John Harding, 1st Baron Harding of Petherton; Lt Gen Sir Brian Gwynne Horrocks; FM Sir Richard (Amyatt) Hull; Gen Hastings Lionel Ismay, 1st Baron Ismay of Wormington; Lt Gen Sir Oliver William Hargreaves Leese; Capt Sir Basil Henry Liddell Hart; FM Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein; AF Louis (Francis Albert Victor Nicholas) Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma; Lt Gen (Charles) Willoughby (Moke) Norrie, 1st Baron Norrie of Wellington, New Zealand, and of Upton, Gloucestershire; MRAF Charles Frederick Algernon Portal, 1st Viscount Portal of Hungerford; FM William Joseph Slim, 1st Viscount Slim of Burma; Wg Cdr Robert Roland Stanford-Tuck; FM Sir Gerald (Walter Robert) Templer. Correspondence with French military figures, including Gen Pierre Billotte; Gen Jean Charbonneau; Adm Gensoul; Gen Gribius. Correspondence with German military figures, including Grand Adm Karl Doenitz; Gen Adolf Galland; Lt Gen Reinhard Gehlen; Col Gen Franz Halder; Gen Adolf Heusinger; Col Gen Karl Hollidt; R Adm Otto Kretschmer; FM (Fritz) Erich von Manstein; Gen Hasso von Manteuffel; Adm Wilhelm Marschall; FM Erhard Milch; Gen Enno von Rintelen; FM Ferdinand Schorner; Gen Joachim Schwatlo-Gesterding; Gen Baron Geyr von Schweppenburg; Gen Walther von Seydlitz; Albert Speer; Gen Dr Hans Spiedel; Lt Gen Helmut Staedke; Gen of Infantry Karl Strecker; V Adm August Thiele; Gen Walter Warlimont; Gen of Panzertruppe Walther Wenck, Luftwaffe Maj Gen Alwin Wolz; V Adm Karl Adolf Zenker.

Papers relating to V Adm Sir John Wilson Musgrave Eaton's life and career, 1945-1972, including typescript copy of Night Order Book, HMS SHEFFIELD, May-Jun 1945; photographs, press cuttings and printed material relating to Eaton's service as Capt of HMS ST VINCENT, RN Boys Training Establishment, Gosport, Hampshire, 1947; typescript volume entitled 'Naval Staff Handbook', Royal Naval Staff College, Greenwich, 1950; texts of lectures by Eaton, RN Staff College, Greenwich, including 'Grand strategy: its background and application in a future war' and 'The principles of war', 1950-1951; typescript texts of speeches and lectures, [1952]-1960, including Empire Day speech to the Royal Yacht Sqn, Australia [1952], and lecture on the capture of Gibraltar, 1704, to the RN Club, 1960; newspaper cuttings relating to the Court Martial of Able Seaman James McNiven McSporran for an assault on V Adm Eaton during an inspection, 1955; Civil Defence manuals and naval publications, 1956-1958; edition of Log of the President's cruise in the USS CANBERRA (CAG2), edited by Capt E P Aurand, US Navy, Naval Aide to US President Dwight David Eisenhower, 14-20 Mar 1957; photographs of Eisenhower with Eaton and US Adm Jerauld Wright, Supreme Allied Commander's Headquarters, Norfolk, Virginia, USA [1957]; typescript letters to retired senior officers from the First Sea Lord 1959, 1970 and 1972, from AF Louis (Francis Albert Victor Nicholas) Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, 23 Apr 1959, Adm Sir Michael Le Fanu, 1 Jun 1970, and Adm Sir Michael (Patrick) Pollock, 2 Nov 1972; printed plan of Admiralty organisation, Jan 1960; typescript statement of evidence by Eaton, as then commanding destroyer HMS SOMALI, on Cdr (Jack) John Egerton Broome's command of convoy PQ.17, 4 Jul 1942, statement prepared for a libel action brought by Broome against David John Cawdell Irving, Jan 1970, in relation to his book The destruction of convoy PQ.17 (Cassell, London, 1968).

Papers and photographs relating to Ebbutt's career, 1944-1946, including Senior Bombardment Liaison Officer's notebook containing manuscript accounts and technical notes on shore bombardment and targets engaged by ships lying off southernFrance, 1944-1945; Senior Bombardment Liaison Officer's diary, 1944-1945; notebook with manuscript notes by British Naval LiaisonOfficer [1944], with three photographs of a RN destroyer (Pennant number, G86). Printed booklet in French entitled 'La Première DivisionFrançaise Libre' [1945]. Citation of the award of the French Croix de Guerre with Silver Star to Ebbutt, and related papers, 1945. Photograph of Ebbutt receiving the US Legion of Merit from US Col Claude M Thiele, Commanding Officer, US Army London Area Office, 1946, with related papers 1945. Copy of published booklet Soldier, sailor, compiled by Geoffrey Sanders (The Bombardment Units Association, Gloucester, 1946).

Photograph album containing photographs on board the HMS CALYPSO and HMS PEMBROKE I, including crew attending a sporting event, 1925; aeroplane wreckage and the forced landing of an air liner, Corfu, 1926; ship football team and officers, 1926; torpedo firing, 1927; and crew dressed as clowns for Navy week, 1928.

International Hydrographic Bureau 'Report of the Proceedings of the 5th International HydrographicConference, Monaco, 22 April-5 May, 1947'.

Typescript copy of account entitled 'The five years of 345 Coy RASC (Royal Army Service Corps), from Baquba to Trieste, 1940-1945', written in Apr 1990 by Edgell, Officer Commanding 345 Company, 1940-1941, with additional notes by LtCol D S L Rolph, Officer Commanding 345 Company, 1942-1945. Typescript copy of account entitled 'Convoy 343. Carrying aid to Russiaacross the Persian mountains in midwinter', written by Capt A G Wallis, Officer Commanding C Platoon, 204 General Purpose TransportCompany, Royal Indian Army Service Corps, relating to the first truck convoy, driven by Indian troops, from Persia to the USSR, Jan1944.

Papers created or collected by Edmonds during the course of his life and career, dated 1827-1838, 1852, 1879-1881, 1890-1957, principally comprising typescript memoirs covering his life and career, 1861-1951, and notably concerning his work at the Royal Military Academy, 1890-1896, and in the Intelligence Division of the War Office, 1899-1901, 1904-1908, his service in South Africa, 1901-1902, and in World War One, 1914-1918, at the Geneva Conference, 1906, as General Staff Officer, 4 Div, 1911-1914, and in the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence, 1919-1949, written in [1951]; correspondence with Rt Hon Sir Winston (Leonard Spencer) Churchill, 1922-1954, relating to Churchill's book The World Crisis, 1911-1918 (Thornton Butterworth, London,1923-1929, abridged and revised, 1931); letters from FM Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig and his wife, 1903-1939, mainly relating to Edmonds' work on the official history of World War One; correspondence with Maj Gen Sir Ernest (Dunlop) Swinton, 1919-1950; texts of lectures,[1908-1947], notably relating to the American Civil War, 1861-1865, laws of war and the organisation of intelligence and information in warfare; typescript and printed articles, 1893-1957, mainly relating to World War One; official army handbooks and reports by Edmonds and others, 1899-1918, 1945; papers related to World War One collected by Edmonds, dated 1900, 1907, 1914-[1945]; presscuttings, [1906-1943], mainly concerning political and military developments and international relations; photographs, 1895-1918, mainly of Edmonds with Army colleagues.

Records of the Nuffield Foundation Science Teaching Project (NFSTP), 1949-1993 but mainly dating from the 1960s and 1970s, including general administrative papers, 1961-1974; the Secondary Science Education Programme, 1965-1974; the Junior Science Project, 1960-1974; the Combined Science Project, 1964-1970; A-level in Physical Sciences, 1955-1974; Physics A- and O-level, 1963-1972; Chemistry O-level, 1962-1974; Chemistry A-level, 1962-1974; Biology O-level, 1962-c1973; Biology A-level, 1963-1972; records relating to publications, also including material on NFSTP administration, 1949-1992; trial published texts, 1960-1993; and film loops and accompanying teaching notes, 1966-1978, for various subjects and age groups.

Records, 1968-1984, of the Schools Council Integrated Science Project (SCISP), created by the senior members of the SCISP team, comprising papers of the SCISP consultative committee, 1969-1981, including minutes and other meeting papers, correspondence, comments on the trials course material, and publicity; papers relating to Phase 1 and Phase 2 trials schools, 1970-1979, largely correspondence with and feedback from individual schools; correspondence files concerning implementation of the scheme in schools participating in Phase 3 of the Project, 1970-1983, including correspondence of the Project Co-ordinator with the Area Co-ordinator, Area Local Education Authorities, and Area Schools; papers relating to Area Co-ordination, 1970-1982, including minutes and other meeting papers; correspondence and papers, 1968-1982, including material relating to the SCISP Advisory Group, financial and administrative matters, personnel files, the preparation of the course and teaching material, apparatus, correspondence with individual colleges of education requesting information and material, publicity, participants, the acceptability of the qualification, and SCISP overseas; papers relating to SCISP and other conferences, 1971-1979; papers relating to SCISP publications on Patterns (pupils' and technicians' manuals and teachers' guide), background books, Exploring Science and others such as SCISP leaflets and Newsletters , 1970-1983, including trial versions and supporting papers; papers on assessment, 1968-1984, including meeting papers of the SCISP Assessment Working Party and correspondence with the Associated Examining Board; papers on SCISP in Northern Ireland, 1969-1975, including feedback; papers on evaluation and feedback, 1970-[1982], including feedback from schools and pupils, data on their performance, and evaluation of course content; correspondence on acceptability of the SCISP O-level with professional and educational organisations, 1970-1984; papers on Mode 3 CSE based on SCISP, 1974-1982, including planning and reports; reports, 1977, of the Schools Council Syllabus Steering Groups on various subjects, relating to proposals for reform of sixth-form curricula and examinations and the replacement of A-levels with N- and F-levels; miscellaneous Schools Councils publications, 1971-1983, some including sections on Nuffield Science Projects; publications of the Schools Council's Project Technology, 1969-1971, offering guidance to schools wanting to include technology studies in their curriculum; publications, 1968-1973, and reports, 1971-1973, of Science 5/13, a project sponsored partly by the Schools Council and the Nuffield Foundation to assist teachers in helping children aged between five and thirteen to learn science; publications, 1965-1974, of miscellaneous bodies, including the British Petroleum Company Ltd, Nuffield Foundation Science Teaching Project, the Peak Park Planning Board and Unilever Ltd, on various scientific topics.

Day Training College Queen's/King's Scholars, 1895-1927 (Ref: KFD/RS), Day Training College log book, 1890,1910 (Ref: KFD/D), Day Training College Registers, 1890-1925 (Ref: KFD/RG), Education student files, 1938-1944, 1962-64, 1987-1993 (Ref: KFD/FP), Postgraduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) student files, 1946-1980 (Ref: KFD/FPPG), MA/MEd student files, 1984-1988 (Ref: KFD/FPPG), departmental photographs, 1930-1958 (Ref: KDH/PH). Information typically contained in the Queen's, later King's scholars' series includes criticisms, lessons and practising school-work. From 1905-1925 there is also a volume of reports on postgraduate and secondary training students. The Day Training College log book contains correspondence from 1896-1901. The register series includes a register of attendance and tutorial lists, 1890-1911, and a register of applicants to the Day Training College, 1910-1925. Information contained in the student files includes name, permanent address, date of birth, university, whether resident or day student, father's name, permanent address and profession, names and address of employer, name of students' mother and profession, gross income of parents and student correspondence. Files for the period 1987-1993 only include those students who passed the course. With the PGCE files there are some gaps in early series and incomplete sections, whilst some files are listed in the Registry series.

The records of the Education Department of King's College London consists of minutes, correspondence, pass lists, exam papers, printed pamphlets and photographs, 1890-1994; notably including King's Scholars' Common room minute book, 1911-1912; minutes of the Education Society, 1921-1927, 1957-1971; correspondence concerning academic planning at King's, 1982-1983; correspondence relating to the All India Science Education Project, 1983-1986; correspondence relating to the Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education, 1983-1994; minutes and correspondence of the University of London Board of Educational Studies, Higher Degrees Committee, 1989; correspondence relating to the MEd in Science Education, 1974-1979; material relating to the 150th anniversary celebrations of the College, 1979; typescript of annual report of the Department of Education, with statistics and summary of departmental performance, 1927-1968; registers of attendance of students in the Day Training Department, 1890-1911; logbook of the Day Training Department with correspondence, 1890-1910; notes on Day Training College practical work experience, 1895-1927; examination question papers, 1925-1979; photographs of students and staff, 1930-1958; examination results, 1934-1970; programmes of plays performed by members of the Department, [1947-1969]; copies of journals including Minerva , the Education Society magazine, 1957.

The Diaries of Dwight D Eisenhower, 1953-1961, consists of a varied body of microfilmed manuscripts that contain several categories of material, arranged chronologically by month and year. Diary entries and dictated correspondence are filed in folders entitled 'DDE Diary'; 'DDE Personal Diary'; or 'DDE Dictation'. The bulk of actual diary entries falls into the years 1953-1956. Another prominent category is memoranda of telephone conversations with the more detailed conversations dating prior to 1959. The largest body of material is the official White House staff memoranda, reports, correspondence, and summaries of congressional correspondence. These types of documents are found in folders labelled 'Miscellaneous', 'Goodpaster', 'Staff Memos', and after 1957, 'Staff Notes'. Herein are the memoranda of conversations, or 'memcons', prepared by Gen Andrew Jackson Goodpaster, Defense Liaison Officer and Staff Secretary to the President of the United States. From 1956 to the end of the administration, 'Toner Notes' were produced, so named for White House staff member Albert Toner, who with fellow White House Research Group member Christopher Russell, prepared daily intelligence briefings for the President. Material in the collection includes entries relating to Senator Joseph Raymond McCarthy and the trial of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg; correspondence with Vice President Richard Milhous Nixon; Prisoners of War exchanges in Korea; rapprochement between Argentina and the US; military aid to Yugoslavia; Eisenhower's 'Atoms for Peace' speech 1953; the situation in Indochina, 1954; the use of psychological warfare in the Third World; relations between the US and the People's Republic of China; France and the European Defence Community; waning British and French colonial ties; the Baghdad Pact, 1955; the Suez Crisis, 1956; US Joint Chiefs of Staff strategic planning in Europe; the Soviet invasion of Hungary, 1956; plans for mutual security arrangements with favoured nations; the Military Assistance Program; the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; the African- American civil rights movement; military officer exchanges between Israel and the US; the American, British and Canadian Army Standardization Program; US Department of Defense budgetary matters; the 'Vanguard' satellite program, 1957; nuclear weapons, nuclear strategy and the US-Soviet 'missile gap'. Correspondents include HM King George V; Gen Juan Domingo Peron, president of Argentina; Senator Joseph Raymond McCarthy; Rt Hon Sir Winston (Leonard Spencer) Churchill; Shri Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India; Dr Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany; Gen Douglas MacArthur; Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr; Special Assistant to the President Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller; Gen Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle, President of France; Rt Hon (Maurice) Harold Macmillan, Prime Minister of Great Britain; Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party and Chairman of the Soviet Council of Ministers; (David) Dean Rusk, President of the Rockefeller Foundation; John Foster Dulles, Secretary of State, 1953-1959; Herbert Hoover, Jr, Under Secretary of State, 1954-1957; Christian Archibald Herter, Under Secretary of State, 1957-1959.

Minutes and Documents of the Cabinet Meetings of President Eisenhower, 1953-1961 is a themed microfilm collection which includes copies of the minutes, memoranda, and supporting documents of the Cabinet meetings during the Presidential administration of Dwight David Eisenhower, 12 Dec 1952-13 Jan 1961. The meetings included discussions relating to all aspects of the domestic and foreign policy affairs of the United States. Meeting minutes relate to the addition to the Cabinet of the post of US Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1953; the armistice talks which ended the Korean War, 1953; the US Supreme Court decision declaring racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, 1954; US military and financial commitment to Indo-China, 1954; American entry into the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 1954; Eisenhower's re-election strategy, campaign, and victory, 1956; the Suez Crisis, 1956; the adoption of the 'Eisenhower Doctrine', which stated that the United States would provide military and economic aid to any nation in the Middle East threatened by communism, 1957-1959; the launch of US satellites in response to the Soviet launch of the 'Sputnik' satellite, 1958; American intervention into Lebanon, 1958; the adoption of Alaska and Hawaii as US states, 1959; and the election of John Fitzgerald Kennedy as President of the United States, 1960.

Chelsea Polytechnic, Chelsea College of Science and Technology and Chelsea College Department of Electrical Engineering Records, 1968-1996. This series comprises correspondence with overseas research workers, 1990-1996; rough and fair copy teaching notes and handouts for students on courses taught by John Pearson and others on electronic devices, electromagnetism, circuits and control systems, microwave engineering and communications theory, 1972-1995; tape recordings of lectures on electronic devices, [1975]; Departmental research reports, 1989-1995; papers concerning a reunion of Chelsea Electronics graduates, 1985; incomplete set of examination question papers in Electronics and related disciplines, 1968-1993; group photographs of graduates, 1970-1980, 1985-1986, 1989, 1995; histories of the Electronics Department and other memorabilia, 1977-1978.

Chelsea College undergraduate BSc Electronics and Physics student record cards, 1969-1987 (Ref: CDE/FP), undergraduate withdrawals record cards, [1969-1987] (Ref: CDE/FP(W)), postgraduate Electronic Engineering record cards, 1969-1985 (Ref: CDE/FPPG), postgraduate withdrawals record cards, [1969-1985] (Ref: CDE/FPPG(W)). Information contained on record cards typically includes a photograph, course units taken and final grade, and includes those students who failed but completed the course, whilst withdrawals are boxed separately. Those students for whom a date has not been determined are also boxed separately. Included within this series are printouts of all undergraduate student course records for BSc Electronics and Physics and photocopies of some record cards.

Papers relating to his life and career, [1914]-1971, principally comprising flying log book, 1928-1940; papers relating to his work as Assistant Secretary to Committee of Imperial Defence and War Cabinet, 1939-1941, notably including memoranda to Maj Gen Hastings Lionel Ismay, 1939-1940; papers relating to his service as Air Officer Commanding Balkan Air Force, 1944-1945,dated 1946, 1963, 1966, 1970-1971, notably including an account of the work of the British Military Mission to Yugoslav partisans by Sir Fitzroy Hew Maclean of Dunconnel, 1st Bt, 1971; correspondence and other papers relating to NATO, 1950, 1955, 1967, Army League,1955-1957, Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1957, 1958, 1960-1970, English Speaking Union, 1961, 1963, Atlantic Round Table Conference, 1957, and the Brighton Conference Association, 1957. Printed and typescript book reviews and texts of lectures and speeches given by Elliot, mainly concerning international relations, 1924, 1939, 1946, 1950-1966; correspondence and related papers,1937-1940, 1950-1953, 1957-1971, notably including correspondence with Dean Acheson, 1961-1970, Gen (Walter) Bedell Smith, 1959-1961, Lady (Helen) Violet Bonham-Carter, 1962-1968, Ismay, 1959-1970, Gen Sir Henry Cholmondeley Jackson, 1961-1971, Gen Karel Janousek, 1968, and Capt Stephen Wentworth Roskill, 1966-1970; photographs, [1914-1960], notably relating to service in South Russia,1919, as Air Officer Commanding RAF Gibraltar, 1944, with Balkan Air Force, 1944-1945 and as Commander-in-Chief, Fighter Command, 1948-1949, including aerial photographs of RAF actions over Yugoslavia, 1944-1945.

Papers relating to his military career, 1944-1952, dated [1944-1953], [1960-1980], comprising account of advance of 2 Bn, Essex Regt through Northern France and Belgium, June-Oct 1944, notably covering the attack on Le Havre, 10 Sep 1944, written in [1945], with appendix dated [1960-1980]; account of withdrawal of 2 Infantry Bde from Belgium and Northern France, May 1940,culminating in their evacuation from Dunkirk on 1 Jun 1940, written in [1944-1945]; notes on the allotment and loading of vehicles, Operation OVERLORD, June 1944; map of German defences at Le Havre, issued by [the War Office], 1944; map showing position of 51 and 49 Div to the north of Le Havre, 7 Jun 1944, issued by the War Office, 1947; two accounts of the work of 1 Bn, The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regt, in Malaya, 1952, written in [1953].