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Typescript transcript of interview with V Adm Joe Williams, Jr, US Navy, 1961-[1980], relating to the US development of the Lockheed UGM-27 Polaris A1 Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM), [1955-1960]; the role of US Navy fleet ballistic missile submarines, 1961-[1980]; the difficulty for the USSR in locating and destroying a US Navy fleet ballistic missile submarines, 1961-[1980]; Williams' tours of duty on US Polaris submarines, 1961-[1969]; the targets in the USSR for US SLBMs, 1961-[1980]; competition between the US Navy and the Strategic Air Command (SAC), USAF, for control of nuclear delivery systems, 1961-1968; Williams' opinion of the USSR, 1961-[1969]; Soviet attempts to locate and track US Navy fleet ballistic missile submarines, 1961-[1980]; the opinion in the US Navy of Robert Strange McNamara, US Secretary of Defense, and of his 'whiz kids' defence advisors brought into the US Pentagon mostly from the RAND Corporation and the Harvard Business School, 1961-1968; the US strategic doctrine of mutually assured destruction (MAD), 1967; the impossibility of one crew member launching a US SLBM, 1961-[1980]. 25pp

Typescript transcript of interview with US V Adm James Bond, POW, North Vietnam, 1966-1973, and President, Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island, 1976-1979, relating to his experience as aircraft pilot during the Tonkin Gulf debacle, when the false sighting of North Vietnamese torpedo's directed at US destroyers, was used by President Johnson as justification for US bombing of North Vietnamese targets, Aug 1964. Also comments on his experiences as prisoner of war in North Vietnam, 1966-1973. 42pp

Typescript transcript of interview with James Danforth Quayle, US Vice President, 1989-1983 by Brian Lapping, 10 Dec 1991, in which he describes the response of George H W Bush, US President 1989-1993, to events and meetings leading up to and during the Gulf War, Aug 1990- Mar 1991. He also comments on the role of Prince Bandar Bin Sultan Bin Abdul Aziz, Saudi Ambassador to the US; Bush's meeting with the Sheikh Jabir Al Ahmad Al Jabir Al Sabah, Emir of Kuwait, 28 Sep 1990; the significance of US Congress support of the President to use force to liberate Kuwait; the Soviet position on the use of force; and the role of the news media during the war. 42pp Previous Ref: Roll 30, 31, 32

Typescript transcript of interview with Martha Halloran Mautner, US State Department employee, stationed in Moscow, 1945-1948, and Berlin, 1950-[1956], relating to her experiences in Moscow, including difficulties of relationships with local people, working with George F Kennan, US diplomat, and author of the 'long telegram', his analysis of Soviet policies in the light of Russian history, Feb 1946; reaction of Soviet leaders and US personnel in Moscow to the US announcement of military and economic aid for any country threatened by Communism, Mar 1947 (Truman Doctrine), and the Rt Hon Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill's 'Iron curtain' speech at Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri, USA, 5 Mar 1946; the rise of anti-communist feeling in the US and the campaign against alleged communists and communist sympathisers in US society instigated by Senator Joseph Raymond McCarthy, 1950-1954, (McCarthyism); the publication of The Soviet World Outlook by the US State Department and development of public and institutional education in the field of Soviet studies; witnessing the unreported famine in the Ukraine, 1947; West Berlin during the 1950s and the response in response of Berlinners to the death of Soviet President Josef Vissarionovich Stalin, 5 Mar 1953; the East German Revolt, 1953; the Hungarian revolt, 1956; and development of US strategy in dealing with the Soviet Union. 50pp

Typescript transcript of interview with John S Service, US State Department, 1945-1951, relating to the reaction in the US to the establishment of the People Republic of China under a communist regime, Oct 1949, including the dismissal of members of the US State Department as scapegoats for the break in US Chinese relations; the campaign against alleged communists and communist sympathisers in US society instigated by Senator Joseph Raymond McCarthy, 1950-1954, (McCarthyism); allegations against Service and his experience of the Tiding Subcommittee (US Senate) hearings, investigations by the State Department board and the Loyalty Review Board leading to his dismissal from the State Department, (1951); the findings of the US Supreme Court of illegal discharge by the State Department, 1957. 23pp

Typescript transcript of interview with Franklin Lindsay, US State Department, relating to relating to US strategy to preventing the spread of Soviet influence in Europe following World War 2 including providing military and economic aid to Yugoslavia, supporting the development of Radio Free Europe and assisting émigrés to maintain democratic leadership in radio contact with countrymen under Soviet rule; the role of the Committee for Free Europe; the attitude of John Foster Dulles, US Secretary of State, 1953-1959, and his brother, Alan Dulles, Head of the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to the permanence of Soviet rule; difficulties in developing resistance movements in Soviet countries following World War 2 and in the face of Soviet infiltration. 23pp

Typescript transcript of interview with Dr Harold Brown, Director, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, California, USA, 1960-1961, Director, Defense Research and Engineering, US Department of Defense, 1961-1965, US Secretary of the Air Force, 1965-1969, member of US Strategic Arms Limitation Talks I and II (SALT I and II), 1969-1977, and US Secretary of Defense, 1977-1981, relating to the US nuclear doctrine of massive retaliation, 1954-1960; the changes in US policy during the administration of US President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 1961-1963; the US nuclear doctrine of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD), [1962-1972]; the theory of nuclear deterrence, 1961-1963; the threat of Soviet conventional superiority in Europe, 1961-1963; the US strategic policy of flexible response, 1961; the unpopularity with the US public of civil defence programmes, 1977-1981; US reaction to the detonation by the USSR of a 50 megaton nuclear weapon, Novaya Zemlya Island, USSR, 30 Oct 1961; the moratorium on nuclear testing between the USA and USSR, Nov 1959-Sep 1961; the development by the USA and the USSR of anti-ballistic missiles (ABMs) and multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles (MIRVs), 1959-1972; the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks between the USA and USSR, Helsinki, Finland, 1969; the limitation of MIRVs in the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START), Jul 1991; the relationship between US and Soviet arms control negotiators, 1977-1981; the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty I (SALT I), May 1972. 38pp

Typescript transcript of a filmed interview with Richard Lee Armitage, US Deputy Secretary of State, 2001-2005, describing US government reaction to the capture of a weapons shipment from the Palestinian freighter KARINE A, Jan 2002; the decision to send Gen Colin Powell, US Secretary of State 2001-2005, on a visit to the Middle East, Apr 2002, including problems with Gen Powell’s farewell speech; the formulation of a speech given by George W Bush, US President 2001-2009, calling for new Palestinian leadership, 24 Jun 2002; reaction to the second siege of the compound of Yasser Arafat, President of the Palestinian National Authority 1994-2004, by the Israel Defence Force, Sept 2002; problems with the writing and implementation of the road map for peace plan, 2002-2003; the effect of the resignation of Abu Mazen (Mahmoud Abbas), Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority 2003 , Sept 2003, and the election of Abu Ala’a (Ahmed Ali Mohammed Qurei), Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority 2003-2006, Oct 2003. Please note that the transcript includes many technical interruptions and sections which were inaudible and were not transcribed.

Photocopy of 'Harold Cruse: an interview' [by C W E Bigsby], transcript of an interview recorded 8 June 1969, University of Wales, Aberystwyth.

Typescript transcript of interview with Jean Asam, US citizen who grew up in New Jersey, USA, 1950-1960, relating to the US 'duck and cover' civil defence drills in school to protect children against nuclear attack, [1953-1959]; apprehension and fear in the USA over the possibility of nuclear war and an invasion by the USSR, [1953-1959]; the launch of the Soviet Sputnik I and Sputnik II Earth orbiting satellites via SS-6 'Sapwood' Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM), Oct and Nov 1957; the construction of public fall out shelters in the USA, [1953-1959]; the Cuban Missile Crisis, Oct 1962; the impact of the Korean War on the US population, 1950-1953; the US/Soviet space race, 1957-[1988]. 14pp

Typescript transcript of a filmed interview with William ‘Bill’ Burns, US Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs 2001-2005, describing US attitudes to Yasser Arafat, President of the Palestinian National Authority 1994-2004, following to the capture of a weapons shipment from the Palestinian freighter KARINE A, Jan 2002; the decision to send Gen Colin Powell, US Secretary of State 2001-2005, on a visit to the Middle East, Apr 2002; visiting the Jenin refugee camp during Operation DEFENSIVE SHIELD and negotiating with the Israelis to cease the Operation, 2002; the formulation of a speech given by George W Bush, US President 2001-2009, calling for new Palestinian leadership, 24 Jun 2002; meetings between King Abdullah II of Jordan, President George W Bush and Condoleezza Rice, US National Security Advisor 2001-2005, regarding the creation of the road map for peace plan Aug 2002; reaction to the second siege of President Arafat’s compound by the IDF, Sept 2002; problems with the publication of the road map for peace plan following the collapse of the Israeli government, Nov 2002; negotiations during the summit held in Aqaba, Jordan, to implement the road map plan, Jun 2003; the US response to the disengagement plan by Ariel Sharon, Prime Minister of Israel 2001-2006, Apr 2004. Please note that the transcript includes sections which were inaudible and were not transcribed, and that some spellings have been rendered phonetically.

Typescript transcript of interview with Ovidio Pugnale, co-pilot, Boeing B-52E Stratofortress, 34 Bomb Sqn, 17 Bomb Wing, Strategic Air Command (SAC), USAF, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, USA, 1960-1970, relating to the role of the US SAC B-52 squadrons in providing strategic deterrence in the Cold War, 1960-1970; details of Pugnale's operational tours of duty and alerts, 1960-1970; the necessity of keeping nuclear armed B-52s in the air at all times to deter a Soviet pre-emptive first strike against US SAC bases, 1960-1970; Pugnale's opinion of the USSR, 1960-1970; the retaliatory strike capability of the B-52 Stratofortress, 1960-1970; the Palomares incident, the collision of a Boeing B-52 Stratofortress and a Boeing KC-135 tanker aircraft over Spain resulting in the loss of the two aircraft and the crash landing of four thermonuclear weapons, Jan 1966; the Cuban Missile Crisis, Oct 1962. 25pp

Typescript transcript of interview with Gail Halvorsen, USAAF pilot, 1941-[1950], relating to Halvorsen's USAAF service during World War Two, 1941-1945; the operational use of the Douglas C-54 Skymaster during the Berlin Airlift, 1948-1949; the reaction of the German civilians to the Berlin Airlift, 1948-1949; the use of Ground Control Approach Radar at Tempelhof airport, West Berlin, 1948-1949; the transportation of flour, coal and gasoline into West Berlin, 1948-1949. 32pp

Typescript transcript of interview with Ray Hershey, former USAF Titan II Missile crewman, Davis-Mothan Airforce Base, Tucson, Arizona, USA, 1967-1976, and Ed Moran, former Capt, USAF, Titan II Missile crew commander, 1968-1972, relating to the role of the Martin-Marietta LGM-25C Titan II Heavy Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) in US nuclear strategy, 1962-1987; the operational procedures for crews of Titan II missile silos, 1967-1976; the procedures for the launching of the Titan II missile, 1967-1976; the targetting of the Titan II missile, 1962-1987; Hershey and Moran's opinion of the USSR and of Soviet strategic missile crews, 1996; speculation on a Soviet first strike against the USA, 1962-1987; the US strategic doctrine of mutually assured destruction (MAD), 1967; the increased state of readiness of US Titan II crews during the Middle East crisis and Yom Kippur War, Oct 1973. 20pp

Typescript transcript of interview with Thomas J Denchy, former Capt, USAF, Titan II Missile crew commander, [1962-1968], relating to the role and deployment of the Martin-Marietta LGM-25 C Titan II Heavy Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM), 1962-1987; the strategic importance of the Titan II Missile in countering the nuclear arsenal of the USSR, 1962-1987; the targetting of the Titan II Missile and the secrecy of the designated target in the USSR, 1962-1987; the targetting information originating from Headquarters, US Strategic Air Command (SAC), Omaha, Nebraska, 1962-1987; the operational procedures for a four man Titan II Missile silo crew, [1962-1968]; Danchy's personal opinion of the USSR during his USAF service, [1962-1965]; the launch procedures for the Titan II Missile, [1962-1968]; the use of the double key launch procedure to prevent any one person initiating a missile launch, 1962-1987; Denchy volunteering for service in Vietnam in order to escape the responsibility of USAF strategic missile duty, [1968]; the US nuclear doctrine of mutually assured destruction (MAD), 1967, the Cuban Missile Crisis, Oct 1962. 18pp

Typescript transcript of interview with Anna Vassilyevna Mikhailenko, Ukrainian dissident, relating to her involvement in the campaign against Soviet violations of human rights contained in the declaration of Conference for Security and Co-operation in Europe 1975 Summit (Helsinki Final Act), to which the USSR was a signatory; her arrest (1980), and conditions during her imprisonment in a psychiatric prison in Kazan. 36pp

Typescript transcript of interview with Donald Regan, US Treasury Secretary 1981-1985, Chief of Staff to US President 1985-1987, relating to the US Soviet relations during the term of office of Ronald Reagan, US President 1981-1989, including his economic policy, support or the Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI), and his meetings with Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR, 1985-1991, at Reykjavik, Iceland, 1986. 27pp

Typescript transcript of interview with Lane Kirkland, relating to the failure of US policy of detente policy to prevent the increase of Soviet military power; the role for the Committee on the Present Danger (CPD), a lobby group concerned with the foreign and national security policies of the US; and his role in the US labour movement in providing support for the Polish free trade union movement, Solidarity (1980-1988). 17pp

Typescript transcript of interview with Zbigniew Bujak, Polish trade union activist, and Solidarity leader, relating to his involvement in Solidarity; the union strikes during 198; the imposition of martial law, 1981-1982; the role of the opposition press and radio in mobilising support for Solidarity; negotiations involving Polish President Gen Wojciech (Witold) Jaruzelski, and Lech Walesa, Chairman of the Solidarity Union, Jan 1989. 18pp

Typescript transcript of interview with Karol Modzelewski, Polish Solidarity trade union activist, and historian, relating to the role of the trade union and the Polish opposition movement, including protest against the treatment of dissidents by the Polish communist authorities; the strikes of 1980, the nature of Solidarity and its influence; the declaration of martial law in Poland, Dec 1981; effect of the workers strikes 1988; and the talks between Polish President Gen Wojciech (Witold) Jaruzelski, and Lech Walesa, Chairman of the Solidarity Union, Jan 1989. 18pp