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BERLIN AIRLIFT, THE: television documentary archive

  • BERLIN AIRLIFT
  • Collection
  • 1997 - 1998

Transcripts of 45 interviews recorded for The Berlin Airlift , a television documentary produced by 3BM Television for Channel 4's Secret History series and broadcast on 29 June 1998. Those interviewed include individuals and or relatives of individuals connected with the airlift operation which took place in response to the Berlin blockade, 24 June 1948 - October 1949, notably members of the armed forces of UK and USA including the RAF, RN and WAAF, a representative of the Foreign Office, journalists and authors, German interpreters, German civilians and children, members of Soviet administration and relatives of servicemen. Attention is given to direct roles and experience of the airlift but also seeks views of its historical significance to them personally and to the wider world. Topics covered in the interviews relate to causes of the blockade, Stalin's aims for Germany after 1945, the potential threat of war in 1948, British and US responses to the blockade, Soviet intelligence gathering and espionage in the UK Foreign Office, attitudes of British servicemen to American servicemen in Germany and vice versa, German experience of the Soviet conquest of Berlin in 1945 and ensuing occupation, living conditions at the air bases in West Germany and in Berlin, food and fuel shortages, rationing, operation of the black market, prostitution, relations between conquered and occupying forces, 'no fraternisation' rule, the logistics of the airlift operation - aircraft maintenance, loading and unloading of supplies, Soviet harassment, experience of pilots and crew, incidents such as air crashes, evacuation of Berliners including children, and Operation Little Vittles. The role of significant individuals such as Ernest Bevin (1884-1951), British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs at the time, and Gen. Lucius D. Clay (1897-1978), Military Governor of Germany 1947 - 1949, are also discussed. Notable participants include Sir Frank Kenyon Roberts (1907-1998) diplomat and Principal Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs during 1948 - 1949, Mrs Jessamy Waite, widow of Air Cdre Reginald Newnham Waite (1901-1975), who devised and organised the airlift operation, and Col Gail S Halverson who became known as the 'Candy Bomber' for his drops of packages of candy attached to miniature parachutes to the children of Berlin. Transcripts include questions and answers, and the tape counter numbering has been logged. The interviewer is not identified. Where interviews were translated this has been noted. Some names, places or phrases have been guessed at, or spelled phonetically by the transcriber. No information is given about the date or identity of the transcriber.

3BM Television

BERGER, Colonel Oliver Charles (1913-1998)

  • BERGER
  • Collection
  • 1934-1983

Papers, of Col Oliver Charles Berger, 1934-1983, comprising: Papers relating to Berger's education and early career, including: notes and essays on the history of political thought, 1934; Wilton Park Training Centre lecture notes and leaflets for German POWs 1946; correspondence relating to Berger's appointments and awards, 1946-1958; standing orders, memoranda and notes relating to A Sqn, Royal Scots Greys, Lopshorn Training Camp, Germany, Jul-Aug 1948; annual confidential reports on Berger, 1951-1953 and 1955-1957. Papers relating to diplomatic service and international relations, 1954-1980, including: reports, correspondence, guest lists and notes relating to Berger's service as Military Attache, British Embassy, Rangoon, Burma, 1954-1957, with notes on visits to London by senior Burmese military personnel, 1956. General background information, 1956-1983, including: US government publication, 'Mutual inspection for peace', [1956], relating to the role of aerial reconnaissance and photographic interpretation in US-USSR mutual inspection and peace-keeping; press cuttings, 1961-1980, chiefly relating to the Middle East, Africa, USSR, South East Asia and British nuclear policy; speeches made by Sir Alec Douglas-Home as Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, 1970-1971.

Berger, Oliver Charles, 1913-1998, Colonel

BENSON, Lt Col Sir Reginald Lindsay (1889-1968)

  • BENSON, RL
  • Collection
  • 1915-1918

Papers relating to his service in World War One, 1915-1918, principally comprising French and British casualty and strength figures, 1915-1918. Correspondence and associated papers relating to his work with Groupe des Armées du Nord and Grand Quartier Général, France, 1915, 1917-[1919], notably including correspondence between FM Sir Douglas Haig and Generals Robert Georges Nivelle and Henri-Philippe Pétain, 1917-1918. Operational documents, 1917-1918, mainly concerning 5 Army, IX Corps and III and VI French Armies. French Grand Quartier Général official communications, reports and telegrams, 1918, with maps relating to operations in France and Belgium, 1917-1918 and 1939-1940.

Benson, Sir Reginald Lindsay, 1889-1968, Knight, Lieutenant Colonel

BELL, Frank (1916-1989)

  • BELL
  • Collection
  • 1945-1946

Undercover University, an illustrated account of the language lessons he organised and ran as a POW at Kuching, Borneo during the period 1943-1945, written in 1945-1946, privately published in 1990.

Bell, Frank, 1916-1989, linguist

BEEVOR, Anthony (b 1946)

  • BEEVOR
  • Collection
  • 1941-1949

Papers used by Beevor during the preparation of Inside the British Army (Chatto Windus, London, 1990), including papers on Defence estimates; officer education; Army Personnel Research Establishment, with Sandhurst reports relating to social conditions; officer and other rank recruitment, bullying; the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst; UK Land Forces; the Falklands Islands and BFFI (British Forces, Falklands Islands); Northern Ireland; the Intelligence Corps; women in the Army; medical and psychological services and facilities; punishment; the Army in the Field; officer careers; reduction in numbers of personnel; the Territorial Army. Papers used in the preparation of Crete: the battle and the resistance (John Murray, London, 1991), including retrospective personal accounts of operations in Greece and the evacuation of British forces in Apr 1941; the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Yak Mission to train Greek resistance forces; the defence of Crete during the German invasion, May 1941; retrospective personal testimonies of the land and sea battle for Crete, 1941, and typescript copy of the SOE final report on operations in Crete, 1945. Also, typescript text of lecture by Beevor, entitled 'The defence of Crete', given at National Army Museum, 1991, and paperback edition of Crete: the battle and the resistance (Penguin, London, 1992).

Beevor, Anthony, b 1946, author and military historian

BEAUMONT-NESBITT, Maj Gen Frederick George (1893-1971)

  • BEAUMONT-NESBITT
  • Collection
  • [1930-1945]

Memoir covering his life and career, 1893-[1918], notably his time at Eton College and Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and his service in the Grenadier Guards, 1912-[1918], including his experiences in France, 1914-[1918], written in [1950-1970]. Photographs, mainly of Grenadier Guardsmen and other army personnel, [1930-1945].

Nesbitt, Frederick George, Beaumont-, 1893-1971, Major General

BEAUMONT, Gp Capt Stephen Gerald (1910-1997)

  • BEAUMONT
  • Collection
  • [1990]

Typescript extract from unpublished memoir relating to Beaumont's RAF service in World War Two, 1939-1945, including Operation DYNAMO, the evacuation of the BEF (British Expeditionary Force) from Dunkirk, France, May-Jun 1940, visits to France by Prime Minister Rt Hon Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, Jun 1940, the Battle of Britain, 1940, and Beaumont's involvement as Deputy Air Officer, Administration, No 84 Group, 2 Tactical Air Force, in the preparations for Operation OVERLORD, the Allied invasion of occupied Europe, 1944, and the North West Europe campaign, 1944-1945.

Beaumont, Stephen Gerald, 1910-1997, Group Captain

BEAUFOY BROWN, Capt John Frederick, RN (1910-1979)

  • BEAUFOY BROWN
  • Collection
  • 1925-1979

Papers relating to Beaufoy Brown's life and RN career, 1925-1979, including scrapbook with newspaper cuttings and fifty five photographs, Aug 1927-Jul 1929, including Atlantic Fleet exercises, 1927, the loss of HM Submarine H47, off St David's Head, Pembrokeshire, following collision with HM Submarine L12, 9 Jul 1929, and photographs of HMS REVENGE, HMS FORRES, HMS RODNEY, HMS HOOD, HMS NELSON and HMS ADVENTURE, 1927-1929. Two Midshipman's journals, 26 Aug 1927-12 Jul 1930, relating to service on HM Ships REVENGE, RODNEY and WALKER, including manuscript sketches and maps, two photographs of the main armament of HMS RODNEY, and photograph of HMS CENTURION, RN radio-controlled target ship, Portland, Dorset, Nov 1928, with twelve loose photographs, 1925-1929, including HMS RODNEY, HMS STURGEON and group of Cadets, Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, Devon, 1925. Typescript report by Beaufoy Brown on the visit to Malta of the Yugoslav training ship JADRAN, 9-11 Jul 1934. Papers and photographs relating to the development and deployment of X craft midget submarines and Chariot manned torpedoes, 1943-[1950], including sixty seven photographs relating to the training of crews for X craft midget submarine operations, 1943-1945, notably six aerial photographs, taken by 544 Sqn, RAF, of Bergen harbour, Norway, before and after Operation GUIDANCE, the sinking by X Craft of German merchant ship BARENFELS, Apr 1944, and Operation HECKLE, the destruction of a floating dock, Laksvaag, Bergen, Norway, Sep 1944; edition of The Illustrated London News, 15 Dec 1945, with article on X Craft operation against Japanese cruiser TAKAO, Singapore, Jul 1945; edition of The Dittybox, the Navy's own magazine, containing article by G V Galwey entitled 'Life in a midget submarine', Feb 1948; typescript text of lecture by Beaufoy Brown on World War Two midget submarine operations [1950]. Photograph album containing 111 photographs relating to Beaufoy Brown's service as Executive Officer, HMS GAMBIA, Mediterranean and East Indies, 1951-1952, including peace keeping patrols, Port Said, Egypt, 1951, and inspection of ship by acting Adm Louis (Francis Albert Victor Nicholas) Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Commnder-in-Chief Mediterranean, Malta, 1952. Typescript Curriculum Vitae for Beaufoy Brown [1965], and obituary, 1979.

Brown, John Frederick, Beaufoy, 1910-1979, RN Captain

BEARNE, AVM Guy (1908-2005)

  • BEARNE
  • Collection
  • [1980]-1985

Copy of detailed memoir, 'From air to chair', covering his RAF career, 1929-1961, including sections on his RAF training, bomber squadron service, 1930-1933, armament training and duties, 1933-1944 and service in Iraq, 1937-1939, Bomber Command, 1939-1940, the Air Ministry, 1940, 1947-1949 and 1954-1956, Malaya, 1946, Joint Services Staff College, 1947, Central Gunnery School, 1949-1951, Rhodesian Air Training Group, 1951-1953 and Technical Training Command, 1956-1961, written in 1985. Copy of chapter of personal family history giving an account of his father, Lt Col Lewis Collinwood Bearne, during the period 1878-1918, including his service in the Boer War and World War One, [1980-1985].

Bearne, Guy, 1908-2005, Air Vice Marshal

BATTEN, Lt Col John Forbes (1893-1979)

  • BATTEN
  • Collection
  • 1933-1934

Photographs relating to his service in India, 1933-1934, notably including two photographs of 11 Field Battery testing wireless equipment, 1934.

Batten, John Forbes, 1893-1979, Lieutenant Colonel

BARTHOLOMEW, Gen Sir William Henry (1877-1962)

  • BARTHOLOMEW
  • Collection
  • 1917-1950

Papers relating to operations of 20 Corps in Palestine, 1917-1918, including third Battle of Gaza; correspondence including with Gen Sir Kenneth Wigram, 1935, and FM Sir Philip Chetwode, 1926-1936, with related papers, 1911-1950; Bartholomew Committee, Jun 1940 including operations in Flanders, organisation and training of troops; Northern Command and civil defence, 1940-1945.

Bartholomew, Sir William Henry, 1877-1962, Knight, General

BARNETT, Air Commandant Dame Henrietta (1905-1985)

  • BARNETT, MH
  • Collection
  • 1940-1960

Photographs and press cuttings relating to her service with WAAF and WRAF, 1940-1960, notably her work as Director of WRAF, 1956-1960. Typescript account of her command of WRAF personnel at RAF Mediterranean Command, Caserta, Italy, [1945].

Barnett, Dame Mary Henrietta, 1905-1985, Air Commandant

BARNARDISTON, Maj Gen Nathaniel Walter (1858-1919)

  • BARNARDISTON
  • Collection
  • 1914-1919

Papers relating to the Japanese and British capture of the German possession of Tsingtao, North China, during World War One, and a subsequent visit to Japan, 1914; papers created during command of 39 Div, 1915-1916; papers relating to post as Chief of British Military Mission to Portugal, including personal diaries, and correspondence relating to discussions held by Barnardiston on Belgian neutrality in 1906, 1916-1919.

Barnardiston, Nathaniel Walter, 1858-1919, Major General

BARKER, AVM John Lindsay (1910-2004)

  • BARKER
  • Collection
  • 1945

Signal from Chiefs of Staff to Barker, 1945, outlining the role of Shield Force in the re-establishment of British administration in Hong Kong.

Barker, John Lindsay, 1910-2004, Air Vice Marshal

BARBER, Lt Col Norman Alexander (1906-1994)

  • BARBER
  • Collection
  • 1925-1945

Typescript papers relating to Territorial Army annual training exercises, UK, 1935-1937. Papers relating to Barber's time as a Japanese POW in Changi POW Camp, Singapore, 1942-1945, including detailed manuscript diary, 25 Aug 1942-4 Sep 1945, with notes on diet, casualties, disease and nominal rolls of prisoners; eight manuscript letters home from Barber, written after the liberation of Singapore, 1945; printed 'Memorandum for the information of prisoners of war of United Kingdom Forces detained in the Far East' [1945]; two 18 Division Association printed booklets, 1950 and 1993. Two portrait photographs of Barber [1939]. Papers relating to the campaign in France, 1940, including four printed maps of France, Belgium and the Netherlands, various scales, 1938-1939; typescript 'Orders for troops in transit at Cherbourg' and 'Orders for disembarkation' [1940]. Printed training manuals, 1925-1945, including Royal Army Service Corps training manual Mechanical transport. Maintenance, upkeep and operation (HMSO, London, 1925); Section leading (HMSO, London, 1928); Air Raid Precautions. Respirators (HMSO, London, 1939).

Barber, Norman Alexander, 1906-1994, Lieutenant Colonel

BALSTON, Maj Thomas (1883-1967)

  • BALSTON
  • Collection
  • 1914-1919

Papers relating to his service with 12 Gloucestershire Regt, 95 Infantry Div, 3 Div and 3 Corps, France, 1914-1918, dated 1915-1918 and 1938, principally comprising his official report of a visit to trenches near 3 Infantry Bde HQ at Novelles, 9-12 Aug 1915, written for 32 Div HQ, Aug 28 1915; 12th Service Battalion Gloucestershire Regt (Colston Publishing Co, Bristol, 1915) an illustrated souvenir pamphlet compiled and edited by Howard Rankin and Albert G Wain; 3 Div order of battle, Jan 16 1917; 3 Corps order of battle, Oct 1918; group and individual photographs of 12 Gloucestershire Regt, 1914-1919.

Balston, Thomas, 1883-1967, Major, author and publisher

BALLARD, Brig Gen Colin Robert (1868-1941)

  • BALLARD
  • Collection
  • [1874]

Correspondence, [1874], 1900-1901, 1914-1916, principally comprising letters to his family describing his service with 6 Corps, Mounted Infantry, South Africa, 1900-1901, and with 1 Norfolk Regt and 7, 95 and 14 Infantry Bdes, France and Belgium, 1914-1916, notably at the Battle of Mons, Aug 1914.

Ballard, Colin Robert, 1868-1941, Brigadier General

BALFOUR, R Adm George Ian Mackintosh (1912-1999)

  • BALFOUR
  • Collection
  • 1944

Photocopies of reports relating to the role of HMS SCOURGE in Operations NEPTUNE and OVERLORD, Jun 1944, France.

Balfour, George Ian Mackintosh, 1912-1999, Rear Admiral

BALDWIN, Gp Capt Philip Harold (1917-2003)

  • BALDWIN
  • Collection
  • 1943

Low level Beaufighters over Burma: a review of the low level attacks carried out during September by 27 and 177 Beaufighter Squadrons', an official report including photographs and map, written by Baldwin in 1943.

Baldwin, Philip Harold, 1917-2003, Group Captain

BAINBRIDGE, Wg Cdr John E M (1906-1941)

  • BAINBRIDGE
  • Collection
  • 1928-1936

Photographs relating to his service in the UK, Middle East and Singapore, including photographs of civil and military aircraft, notably flying boats, 1928-1936.

Bainbridge, John E M, 1906-1941, Wing Commander

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