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ALEXANDER, Maj Gen Henry Templer (1911-1977)

  • ALEXANDER
  • Collection
  • 1960-1970

Papers relating to Alexander's service as Chief of Defence Staff, Ghana, 1960-1961, including correspondence from AVM Henry Algernon Vickers Hogan, Headquarters Flying Training Command, RAF, on the training of Ghanaian pilots, Aug 1960; correspondence, reports and notes on the creation of an African High Command, following a decision taken in Casablanca, Morocco to form a Charter of African States, signed by Algeria, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Morocco, Tunisia and the United Arab Republic, 1960, including typescript 'Brief for President on situation in the Congo and the role of an African High Command'. Dec 1960; correspondence with Air Cdre John Nicholas Haworth Whitworth, Air Chief of Staff, Ghana Air Force, Jan-Aug 1961; typescript 'Russian report on Ghana armed services', 1961; typescript memoranda by Alexander and by Air Cdre Whitworth, on the Soviet report on the Ghana armed forces, May-Jun 1961; typescript memorandum by Alexander to Dr Kwame Nkrumah, President of the Republic of Ghana, expressing concern on the plan to send Ghanaian cadets to the USSR for military training, Sep 1961. Papers relating to the Ghanaian Army's involvement in UN peacekeeping duties in the Congo, 1960-1961, including typescript 'Notes on non-military briefing for senior officers of the UN force in the Congo' by Ralph Johnson Bunche, Special Representative of the Secretary General of the UN, Jul 1960; typescript press releases on the crisis in the Congo, Jul 1960, typescript correspondence with Brig Joseph E Michel, commanding UN Ghanaian Bde, Congo, Aug 1960-Feb 1961; typescript 'Report on disturbances at Tshikapa on 18/19 Jan 1961' by Brig Joseph E Michel, commanding Ghana Bde, Congo, relating to the mutiny of troops of 3 Bn, The Ghana Regt; typescript 'Report of the evacuation of the Hon Mr Welbeck from the Congo' (Hon Nathanial Welbeck, Ghanaian diplomat), Nov 1960; typescript 'Report on visit to the Congo', by Alexander, Feb 1961. Papers relating to Alexander's dismissal as Chief of Defence Staff, Ghana, and to the removal of British personnel from the Ghana armed forces, 1961, including typescript memorandum by Alexander 'Withdrawal of British officers and other ranks from active units of the Ghana Army', Sep 1961; typescript report by Alexander to the Ministry of Defence 'Background to the sudden dismissal of British officers from the Ghana armed forces' [1961]. Papers relating to Alexander's role as a British Observer, International Observer Team on Genocide, Nigeria, 1968-1970, including typescript report by Alexander 'The war in Nigeria', 1968; printed map of Nigeria, with annotations showing territories controlled by Federal and Biafran forces, 1968; typescript 'Report and findings of the representatives of Canada, Poland, Sweden and the United Kingdom for the period 1 October 1969 to 31 January 1970', Feb 1970. Edition of African tightrope. My two years as Nkrumah's Chief of Staff (Pall Mall Press, London, 1965).

Alexander, Henry Templer, 1911-1977, Major General

BROOKE-POPHAM, ACM Sir Robert (1878-1953)

  • BROOKE-POPHAM
  • Collection
  • 1890-1902

Papers relating to early career, including material on early aviation, 1911-1913, and texts of lectures given at the RAF Staff College, Andover, 1922-1926. Material relating to post as Air Officer Commanding, British Forces in Iraq, 1928-1935, including correspondence, memoranda and telegrams relating to operations in Iraq and Kuwait, 1928-1930, and negotiations for the Anglo-Iraq Treaty, 1930; news cuttings and notes relating to political and military affairs in Iraq, and the situation of the Assyrians and Kurds, 1930-1935. Papers created as Air Officer Commanding in Chief, Air Defence of Great Britain, 1933-1935, mainly relating to a Royal Review of the RAF at Mildenhall, Suffolk, and Duxford, Cambridgeshire. Papers relating to post as Air Officer Commanding in Chief, Middle East, notably memoranda, cypher signals, letters and notes, 1931-1936, relating to RAF operations, mainly planning and preparation for the possibility of war between the League of Nations and Italy following the Italian invasion and annexation of Abyssinia; correspondence with ACM Sir Edward Leonard Ellington, Chief of Air Staff, 1935-1936; memoranda, telegrams, correspondence and newscuttings on operational matters relating to the Arab Rebellion against the British Mandate in Palestine, 1936; material collated by Brooke-Popham for lectures on the Middle East, 1930, 1936; correspondence, memoranda and minutes relating to the formation and working of an Executive Committee on Assyrian Settlement, 1943-1947. Papers relating to the creation and implementation of the Empire Air Training Scheme in Canada and South Africa, 1939-1945, including personal correspondence with Arthur William Street, Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Air, 1940. Papers relating to post as Commander in Chief, Far East, notably telegrams and memoranda relating to the requirements of the RAF and Army in the Far East, 1940-1949; personal correspondence with Maj Gen Sir Hastings Lionel Ismay, Secretary to the Committee of Imperial Defence, 1940-1941; semi-official correspondence with Street, 1940-1941; material relating to the replacement of Brooke-Popham as Commander in Chief, Far East, Nov 1941; telegrams relating to reconnaissance sightings of Japanese convoys, the decision not to launch Operation MATADOR, the outbreak of war with Japan, and the sinking of RN battleships HMS PRINCE OF WALES and HMS REPULSE, Dec 1941; papers, correspondence and proofs relating to the publication of various despatches and reports concerning operations in Malaya, 1941-1947. Papers created whilst Inspector General of the Air Training Corps, 1942-1947, 1950-1952, mainly comprising inspection reports and material relating to the post-war organisation of the Air Training Corps. Booklets, memoranda, and reports collated by Brooke-Popham relating to RAF training, policy and operations, [1914]-1946. Material relating to research for and writing of articles, lectures and pamphlets, mainly relating to history, aviation or training, 1923-1952. Printed material, 1890-1953, mainly relating to aviation. Maps and photographs, 1917-[1945], including aerial photographs of the Western Front during World War One, 1917-1918.

Popham, Sir Henry Robert Moore, Brooke-, 1878-1953, Knight, Air Chief Marshal

CLEARWATER, Dr John Murray (b 1966)

  • CLEARWATER
  • Collection
  • 1943-1996

Typescript text of doctoral thesis entitled 'The birth of Strategic Arms Control during the Johnson Administration, 1964-1969', King's College London, 1996, with copies of US Government documents, 1964-1972, used by Clearwater in his research. Also, typescript transcripts of interviews with US politicians and foreign policy advisers, including Walt Rostow, Butch Fisher, Paul Warnke, (David) Dean Rusk, Clark McAdams Clifford, Alain Enthoven, Bus Wheeler, John McConnell, John Davis, Robert Strange McNamara and Paul H Nitze. Newspaper cuttings and articles, 1982-1983, relating to the Falklands War, 1982, from US, Argentinian and Canadian sources. Canadian and US newspaper cuttings, articles and copies of official documents relating to the USSR, 1943-1990.

Clearwater, John Murray, b 1966, military analyst and historian

COVERNTON, Capt Ralph Henry (1869-1952)

  • COVERNTON
  • Collection
  • [1945-1967]

Bound typescript entitled 'Fifty odd years of memoirs', covering his life and career, 1893-1945, notably his work as an engineer in South Africa, 1894-1899, 1901-1904, 1909-1911, his travels in South Africa, 1895, East Africa, 1904, and Canada, 1907, his service as a volunteer stretcher bearer with the Royal Army Medical Corps, South Africa, 1899-1900, including the siege of Ladysmith, 1899-1900, his service with the South African Engineer Corps, German South West Africa, 1914-1915, and with the South African Signal Company, Royal Engineers, France, 1916, including the Battle of the Somme, Jul 1916, and his experiences in the Channel Islands during German occupation, 1940-1945, dated [1945-1967].

Covernton, Ralph Henry, 1869-1952, Captain

DEVELOPMENT OFFICE: King's College London administrative records

  • KADO
  • Collection
  • 1978-2001

The records of the King's College London Development Office consist of minutes, correspondence and papers, 1978-2001. These comprise especially the Development Trust minutes and correspondence, 1982-1983, memoranda, 1979-1982, Steering Committee and Executive Committee papers, 1978-1983, other working papers, 1980-1983, correspondence with donors, 1986-1996, financial information, 1980-1989; Academic Campaign Committee minutes, correspondence and discussion papers, 1997-2001; King's Initiative Group minutes, 1993-1994; Millennium Lottery Fund applications, 1995-1997; Heritage Lottery Fund grants and information, mainly printed brochures, 1997; Getty Grant Program applications, 1994; Joint Infrastructure Fund (JIF) applications, 1998; External Relations Strategic Development proposals, 1987-1996; papers on fund-raising in South Africa, 1982-1983, Australia, 1988-1993, Canada, 1984-1988, and the University of Texas, 1980-1982; Annual Dinner papers, 1983-1987; war years reunion papers, 1990; Student Liaison Committee papers, 1988-1991; Working Party on Social Facilities at King's, 1988-1989; correspondence relating to the possible use of St Mary-Le-Strand as College Chapel, 1990; fund-raising for a College nursery, 1985-1986; King's College London Association (KCLA) Annual General Meeting minutes, 1982-1993, and Executive Committee minutes and correspondence, 1994-1998; strategy, 1985-1992; KCLA invoices and other financial information, 1993-1994; correspondence of KCLA Theology Branch, 1986-1991, Medicine and Dentistry Branch, 1992, and Physiotherapy, 1992-1993; King's College London Engineers' Association reunion papers, directory of members and newsletters, 1985-1993.

King's College London Development Office

FIELD, Maj Harry Gooding (1866-1946)

  • K/PP112
  • Collection
  • 1866-1946

Typescript copy of the memoirs of Harry Gooding Field entitled 'Adventures in Finance', 21 Oct 1942, detailing his accountancy career working in Canada, the United States, Malaysia and Singapore, with copies of birth, marriage and death certificate and other official documents relating to Harry Gooding Field.

Field, Harry Gooding, 1866-1946, accountant

GRAHAM, Professor Gerald Sandford (1903-1988)

  • K/PP43
  • Collection
  • 1930-1990

Correspondence, [1947-1983], with fellow academics and graduate students, notably Professor Charles Ralph Boxer, Professor of History, Yale University, and former Camoens Professor of Portuguese, King's College London; Professor John Bartlett Brebner, Professor of History, Columbia University, New York; Professor Donald Grant Creighton, Professor of History, University of Toronto, Canada; Professor Kenneth Onwuka Dike, Professor of History, University College, Ibadan, Nigeria; Professor John Kenneth Galbraith, Professor of Economics, Harvard University; and Professor Charles Anthony Woodward Manning, Professor of International Relations, London School of Economics. Lecture texts with notes, newspaper cuttings and correspondence, [1946-1983], mainly relating to British Imperial and Commonwealth history, colonial history and naval history, and including lectures on Nigeria, New Zealand, India, South Africa and Canada. Reviews of books written by Graham, 1930-1972, notably Tide of Empire: discursions on the expansion of Britain overseas (McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal and London, 1972), British policy and Canada, 1774-1791 (Longmans and Co, London, 1930), A concise history of the British Empire (Thames and Hudson, London, 1970), Great Britain in the Indian Ocean: a study of maritime enterprise 1810-1850 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1967), Empire of the North Atlantic: the maritime struggle for North America (University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1950), and The politics of naval supremacy: studies in British maritime ascendancy (University Press, Cambridge, 1965). Texts of articles, speeches and broadcasts by Graham, 1940-[1983], with relevant notes and newspaper cuttings, including broadcasts made in Canada, [1945-1983], various speeches, 1946-1972, made in Canada and Germany, and copies of reviews by Graham. Numerous drafts of, and notes relating to, The China Station: war and diplomacy 1830-1860 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1978). Photographs, slides and negatives, mainly in connection with Graham's academic voyages [1930-1972]. Offprints and articles by others on historical topics, [1930-1981], relating to Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the Admiralty and the Royal Navy, the British Commonwealth, and Africa. Letters of reference, [1956-1981], filed alphabetically, and Royalty Statements, 1954-1980. Correspondence with Joe Malone, 1951-1967, John Flint, 1954-1990, and Malcolm Lester, 1951-1987. Index to Graham's postgraduate students.

Graham, Gerald Sandford, 1903-1988, Professor of History

HAMILTON, Gen Sir Ian Standish Monteith (1853-1947)

  • HAMILTON, ISM
  • Collection
  • 1814-2015

Papers, 1814-2015, relating to Hamilton's life, military career and activities. The collection specifically includes correspondence, 1852-1899; diaries and notebooks, 1870-1899; printed correspondence and speeches of FM Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts of Kandahar, Waterford and Pretoria, 1878-1893; diaries kept during the siege of Ladysmith, South Africa, 1899-1900; personal and official correspondence during the Second Boer War, 1899-1902, including Hamilton's letters to FM Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts of Kandahar, Waterford and Pretoria, 1901-1902, and operational correspondence of 10 Div and Hamilton's Force, 1900; Hamilton's diaries of the Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905 and related correspondence, 1902-1905; publications of the Royal Commissions on the war in South Africa and on the Militia and Volunteers, 1903-1904; correspondence as General Officer Commanding Southern Command, 1905-1909, and related official papers; correspondence as General Officer Commanding Mediterranean Command and Inspector General of Overseas Forces, 1910-1914, including papers relating to compulsory and voluntary military service, official reports on overseas forces, and correspondence relating to Hamilton's tours of the West Indies, South Africa, the Far East, Canada, Australia and New Zealand; correspondence as Commander-in-Chief Central Force, Home Defence, 1914-1915; papers as General Officer Commanding Mediterranean Expeditionary Force on Gallipoli, 1915, including correspondence with FM Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum and Broome, and the War Office, Rt Hon Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill MP, Lt Gen Sir John Grenfell Maxwell and Lt Gen Sir William Riddell Birdwood; papers relating to Ellis Ashmead Bartlett and Keith Arthur Murdoch, war correspondents on Gallipoli; papers relating to operations at Suvla Bay and Sari Bair, Aug-Sep 1915, and to the efficiency of commanding officers; papers relating to Hamilton's despatches from Gallipoli, and to recommendations for decorations; official despatches, 1914-1919; force orders, intelligence bulletins and other papers of General Headquarters, Mediterranean Expeditionary Force; papers relating to Hamilton's Gallipoli diary; maps and official photographs of the Gallipoli Campaign; depositions of witnesses given to the Dardanelles Commission, with related correspondence, 1916-1919; correspondence with the War Office, 1917-1938; correspondence as Colonel of the Gordon Highlanders, 1912-1949; correspondence relating to ex-servicemen, the British Legion, and to war memorials, 1916-1949; correspondence and papers as Lord Rector of Edinburgh University, 1932-1936; correspondence with major military, political and literary acquaintances, including Rt Hon Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill MP, Rt Hon Richard Burdon Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane of Cloan, Capt Sir Basil Henry Liddell Hart, John Masefield, FM Sir William Robert Robertson, and senior officers associated with the Gallipoli Campaign, 1916-1949; correspondence relating to the Anglo-German Association and to Anglo-German relations, 1928-1947; correspondence with members of the public and relatives, 1908-1948; business and financial correspondence, 1913-1947; correspondence relating to Hamilton's estate and his literary executors, 1948-1969; papers relating to Hamilton's publications, 1872-1948; speeches, articles and letters to the press, 1918-1947; scrapbooks and press cuttings, 1883-1971; photographs, 1855-1947; publications and other printed material, 1814-1966; diaries, correspondence and publications of Hamilton's wife, Jean Miller Hamilton, Lady Hamilton, 1869-1940; correspondence of Eleanor Charlotte Sellar, 1896-1934, including correspondence with Hamilton, FM Sir George Stuart White and FM Sir Neville Bowles Chamberlain.

Hamilton, Sir Ian Standish Monteith, 1853-1947, Knight, General

KIRWAN, Lt Col Sir Laurence (1907-1999)

  • KIRWAN
  • Collection
  • 1939-1948

Papers of Sir Laurence Kirwan, relating chiefly to his military service in World War Two, including Kirwan's call up notice as a reserve officer, 1939; papers relating to the travel, administrative and accommodation arrangements for the QUADRANT Conference, Quebec, Canada, Aug 1943; programme for 'The Army Show: Canada's all-soldier stage show', c 1943; paper, 'Operation Overboard appreciation' parodying arrangements for Operation OVERLORD, c 1944; copy of The Evening News, 7 May 1945, concerning the surrender of Germany; copy of The Stars and Stripes: daily newspaper of US Armed Forces in the European Theater , Germany edition, 15 Aug 1945, concerning the surrender of Japan; printed report, 'Germany's war effort and its failure', by the Joint Intelligence Sub-Committee, chaired by Kirwan, of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, Oct 1945; essay, 'Seeds of trouble in Europe' concerning potential areas for future conflict, by Mrs B C Horton, produced as a discussion document for the Civil Defence Welfare Fund, c 1945; official programme for Victory celebration parade, Jun 1946; motor fuel ration book, 1947-1948; authorisation card, Control Commission Germany, 1948; programme for royal review of the Brigade of Gurkhas by HM the Queen and the King of Nepal, London, Oct 1960.

Kirwan, Sir Archibald Laurence Patrick, 1907-1999, Knight, Lieutenant Colonel

LINTON, Professor David Leslie (1906-1971)

  • K/PP49
  • Collection
  • [1926-1971]

Papers of David Linton, comprising: Notebooks and loose sheets of notes, [1926-1971], containing geographical and geological field notes on land formation in Great Britain and other regions, including Canada, 1952, United States of America, 1952 & 1965, Antarctica, 1958, South America, 1959, Scandinavia, 1960, and South Africa, 1967; assorted photographs, [1960-1969]; obituary, 1971.

Linton, David Leslie, 1906-1971, Professor of Geography

MODERN GREEK ARCHIVE

  • MGA
  • Collection
  • 1935-1992

The Modern Greek Archive Collection includes records of the League for Democracy in Greece,1935-1992, the Greek Relief Fund, 1947-1984, and other associated bodies. Pre-1945 League for Democracy in Greece material includes a set of the Balkan Herald , 1935-1940, and surviving papers, 1943-1945, of the League's predecessor, the Greek United Committee, and one of its supporters, E Athanassoglou. Notably there are proofs of Sir Compton Mackenzie's The Wind of Freedom (published in London, 1944) and a photocopy of a telegram from Winston Churchill prohibiting favourable mention of EAM-ELAS by the BBC, 1944. The papers of the League itself date from 1945 to 1975 and include a large collection of press cuttings covering all British and some foreign press references to Greece during the period of the League's activity, with some later cuttings concerning Greece to 1992; material produced by the Greek News Agency including the Weekly Survey of Greek News and later monthly surveys, covering Greek and foreign press output and the Free Greek Radio Broadcasts, complete from November 1946 to September 1953 and January 1969 to January 1974 but otherwise incomplete, the contents of particular value for the period of the Civil War, 1947-1949, as they form a rare source for the broadcasts of Radio Free Greece; and eight volumes of the League's own duplicated information and organizational circulars. There are copies of all official British reports on Greece: TUC (Citrine), Legal Mission, March 1946 Election Observers, All-Party Parliamentary Delegation (1946); a fairly complete collection of Hansard for parliamentary references to Greece; reports of the UN Commission for observing the Balkans (1947-1950); daily broadcasts of the Greek refugee radio at Bucharest, 1970-1974; a large collection of pamphlets, leaflets and news bulletins, British and foreign; a large collection of material from similar organisations in other countries and from Greek refugee committees; and specialist journals. Over 280 files of the League's correspondence and information material cover its various campaigns. Over 23 files represent other organisations which donated material to the League's archives: British Branch of the Patriotic Anti-Dictatorial Front (PAM), Campaign for the Release of All Political Prisoners in Greece, European-Atlantic Action Committee on Greece, Greek Committee against Dictatorship. The papers include an important collection of archive material, arising from the League's work to stimulate British parliamentary action, particularly regarding persecution, on Greek government repression, Law 375/1936, the Emergency Measures Act of June 1946, Law 509/1947 on 'subversion', the operation of the special courts-material and the security committee, and the conditions in prisons and concentration camps, including dossiers on the cases of individual prisoners, supplemented by thesis material on Greek political legislation since 1921. There is a card index of junta detainees; material from the prisons and concentration camps, including two volumes of smuggled appeals (some in microscopic writing); and personal files on individual political prisoners and concentration camps detainees, 1945-1964, 1967-1974. A small library contains unusual publications of the Greek left. Other material comprises a photographic collection, in 18 albums, on occupation, resistance, liberation, civil war, prisons, prisoners, concentration camps, Greek refugee children, and activities abroad; loose photographic items; four reels of film including a Czech film of evacuated Greek children, c1949; and a collection of organisational stamps. Post-1975 material relates to the League's successor, the Friends of Democracy in Greece. Subjects covered by the Archive include the day-to-day evolution of the Civil War, 1947-1949; Greek political legislative and administrative measures; conditions in the prisons and concentration camps; the Greek trade unions; the 'kidnapped' or 'evacuated' children; the Greek political refugees in Eastern Europe; the operations of Greek anti-junta groups in Western Europe and the United States, 1967-1974; attitudes and action of the British Labour movement (Labour Party and trade unions) in regard to Greece, 1945-1974; individual political prisoners and concentration camp detainees; action regarding Greece in Western European countries, Australia, Canada, and the United States; and the operation of pressure groups (from the League's organisational material and correspondence with Members of Parliament and trade unionists). The papers from the Greek Relief Fund, 1947-1984, also contain material from its predecessor the League for Democracy in Greece Relief Committee, including minutes; administrative, legal and financial material; correspondence with donors and with organisations including branches of the Red Cross, relief funds, and pro-Greek democracy organisations in various overseas countries; material relating to appeals for funds for relief work; press cuttings on the visit of Queen Frederika of Greece to Britain, 1963; papers relating to visits to Greece and to conferences on Greece, including a draft paper, 1979, by Diana Pym on 'The British Philhellenic Movement, 1944-1974'; correspondence concerning the archives of the League for Democracy in Greece; and winding up of the Greek Relief Fund, 1984. The bulk of the material pertains to recipients of aid, including correspondence, and the papers are relevant to the resistance activities and prison records of individual Greeks opposed to the regime in Greece.

League for Democracy in Greece, Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1943-1974

PIRIE, ACM Sir George Clark (1896-1980)

  • PIRIE
  • Collection
  • 1918-1978

Photograph album with 61 photographs of RAF service in Haifa, Palestine, and Baghdad, Iraq, 1917-1918 and 1928. Three notebooks containing extracts from Pirie's diaries, 1923-1945, 1946-1966 and 1967-1976. Eight letters of thanks, relating to Pirie's success as Allied Air Commander-in-Chief, South East Asia, and Inspector General, RAF, 1947-1949, including letter from V Adm Rt Hon Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Jul 1947. Scrapbook of press cuttings relating to a visit to Canada by RAF Detachment, 1934. Edition of Oculi Exercitus. No 6 Squadron by Flying Officer C D Stewart RAF (Zavallis Press, Nicosia, Cyprus, 1963), published to commemorate 6 Sqn's Fiftieth Anniversary, 31 Jan 1964. Seventeen photographs, 1917, 1946-1947, including group of officers, 34 Sqn, Royal Flying Corps, Western Front, 1917, and Pirie's departure parade as Allied Air Commander-in-Chief, South East Asia, 1947. Personal correspondence, 1964-1978, including letter and typescript article by Eric W Cockcroft entitled 'My experience as a World War One RFC/RAF pilot', Nov 1978.

Pirie, Sir George Clark, 1896-1980, Knight, Air Chief Marshal

US NUCLEAR HISTORY: nuclear arms and politics in the missile age, 1955-1968

  • MFF16
  • Collection
  • 1950-1985

The US Nuclear History: Nuclear Arms and Politics in the Missile Age, 1955-1968 microfilm collection presents an integrated record of US decision making relating to the development, production, and deployment of nuclear weapons, 1955-1968. Documents are generated from a number of sources including the US Department of State, US Department of Defense, US Air Force, US Joint Chiefs of Staff, US Strategic Air Command, the Executive Office of the President, US National Security Council, and Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. Material relating to early US policy planning and decisions on thermonuclear weapons includes relevance studies by the RAND Corporation, a US non-partisan government policy guidance institution, 1952; memoranda from the Office of the White House relating to nuclear weapons stockpiles and projections, 1959; and, memoranda from the US Department of State and the Atomic Energy Commission relating to underground and atmospheric nuclear testing, 1959-62. Papers relating to nuclear weapons development, acquisition and testing include memoranda from Gen Curtis E LeMay, Commander-in-Chief, US Strategic Air Command, relating to increased budgetary needs for the proposed nuclear build-up, Jan 1956; memorandum from Gen Andrew Jackson Goodpaster, Defense Liaison Officer and Staff Secretary to the President, relating to the concept of 'massive retaliation' in the event of a Soviet first-strike, May 1956; memorandum from the US Joint Chiefs of Staff relating to emergency war plans, nuclear strategy, and preventive war, Sep 1956; memorandum from the Gen Lyman L Lemnitzer, Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff, relating to US doctrine on thermonuclear attack, Apr 1961; memorandum from the US Department of Defense to President John Fitzgerald Kennedy relating to scenarios for US and Soviet first-strikes, Oct 1961; memorandum from Secretary of Defense Robert Strange McNamara to the Office of the Secretary, US Army, relating to nuclear damage limitation and 'assured destruction'. Papers relating to nuclear strategy and planning include memoranda concerning the applicability of Soviet cities as targets of US nuclear attack; the US Strategic Air Command Basic War Plan, [Feb 1960]; papers relating to target co-ordination and planning for a functional Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP), 1960-1961; papers on 'war-gaming', net evaluation exercises of US capabilites in the event of a general nuclear war with the Soviet Union, including memoranda from Robert R Bowie, Director of US State Department Policy Planning Staff, concerning Soviet capabilities to inflict direct damage on the US, 1953-1967. Material relating to air, land and sea nuclear delivery systems, missile deployments, alert programs, and defence appropriations include memoranda from Goodpaster concerning Eisenhower's endorsement plans for missile program acceleration and for upgrading US Strategic Air Command capabilities, 1957; memoranda from the President's Science Advisory Committee relating to the construction of civil defence structures and missile deployments, 1958; report from the US Department of Defense, Weapons Systems Evaluation Group, reviewing US weapons systems and directly-related functions which constitute the strategic offensive posture of the US 1964-1967; press statements and memoranda from US Secretary of Defence McNamara relating to the doctine of 'assured destruction', defence appropriations, and weapons development, 1961-66; US National Security Briefings on strategic intelligence, Soviet capabilities for strategic attack, anti-missile and air defence, and economic trends, 1963. Papers relating to nuclear strategy, planning, weapons and delivery systems in the European theatre include reports regarding the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's strategy for nuclear war, 1954-1969; the deployment of Chrysler 'Jupiter' PGM-19 IRBMs in Western Europe; the establishment of the Douglas 'Thor' PGM-17 IRBM program in Great Britain, 1956-1963; the escalation of US-Soviet hostilies in Berlin, 1961; reports concerning British co-operation with with US Strategic Air Command; speech by US Secretary of State McNamara, in Athens, Greece, relating to US assurances to its European allies in the event of a general war, 1962. Papers relating to nuclear warning and defence include reports from the US Department of State concerning the immediate construction of a Distant Early Warning (DEW) system in Canada and Alaska, 1952-1953; reports from the President's Science Advisory Committee, including studies of civil defence measures in the event of a nuclear attack, 1957-1958; reports from the US Department of State regarding the construction of the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS) in the United Kingdom, 1958; memoranda from the North American Aerospace Command (NORAD), relating to nuclear pre- emption and tactical warnings, 1958-1959; reports from the President's Science Advisory Committee's Anti-Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Panel, 1958-1959; papers from the President's Science Advisory Committee and the US Department of Defense relating to the construction and deployment of Bell Laboratory Nike-Zeus and Nike X Anti-Ballistic Missiles (ABMs) in the US, Canada, and Western Europe, 1959-1968.